Immune response in insects: the role of phenoloxidase in defense reactions in relation to melanization and sclerotization

Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology
V J MarmarasC G Zervas

Abstract

It is well known that activated prophenoloxidase (proPO) plays an important role in cuticular melanization and sclerotization. In addition, studies dealing with immune response of insects suggest that phenoloxidase (PO) is also critical in the defense reactions of insects against invaders. proPO is activated by elicitors derived from microbial cell wall components such as peptidoglycan, beta-1,3-glucan, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). According to our recent studies we proposed a model clarifying the role of PO in both cellular and humoral immune responses. LPS triggers Ceratitis capitata hemocytes via induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation to release biologically active molecules, including p47 and proPO-activators. Furthermore, hemocytes in response to LPS facilitate clearance of LPS from the hemocoel of medfly. The effector molecules involved in the LPS clearance are hemocyte surface-associated p47 (mp47), soluble p47 (sp47), activated proPO, and tyrosine. A similar LPS clearance system in the integument of medfly in vitro was also demonstrated. According to our data, the proposed mechanism for LPS clearance from hemocoel and from integument is the crosslinking of LPS to p47 or certain integumental proteins via the intermedi...Continue Reading

References

May 15, 1991·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·S L WeinsteinA L DeFranco
Oct 1, 1991·European Journal of Biochemistry·H G BomanD A Lidholm
Nov 10, 1986·FEBS Letters·S J Saul, M Sugumaran
Feb 1, 1994·Current Opinion in Immunology·R J Ulevitch, P S Tobias
May 1, 1994·Developmental and Comparative Immunology·N D CharalambidisV J Marmaras
Jan 1, 1994·Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology·V J MarmarasM Lambropoulou
Jul 1, 1993·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·P T BreyM Ashida
Feb 1, 1993·Current Opinion in Immunology·S Iwanaga

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Oct 12, 2012·Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology·Beatrice GagnaireChristelle Adam-Guillermin
May 29, 2003·Journal of Insect Physiology·K S. Shelby, B A. Webb
Jun 1, 1997·Parasitology Today·Y Carton, A J Nappi
Dec 29, 2000·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology·E H Richards, J P Edwards
Feb 9, 2000·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology·K S ChaeH R Kim
Apr 6, 1999·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part C, Pharmacology, Toxicology & Endocrinology·W D BaileyR R Mills
Dec 5, 2000·Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology·N ParkinsonJ P Edwards
Sep 1, 1996·Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology·N D CharalambidisV J Marmaras
Jul 1, 1997·Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology·H JiangM R Kanost
Oct 27, 2006·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·Joshua D Nosanchuk, Arturo Casadevall
Jul 6, 2000·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·T FukatsuR Koga
Jan 1, 1997·Annual Review of Entomology·J P GillespieT Trenczek
Oct 31, 2008·Genome Biology·Queenie W T Chan, Leonard J Foster
May 1, 2010·Toxins·Robert L Harrison, Bryony C Bonning
Aug 4, 2005·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Yasuyuki ArakaneKarl J Kramer
Jul 8, 2015·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Chia-Wei ChuChung-Yi Chen
Apr 19, 2011·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular & Integrative Physiology·Laura D Mydlarz, Caroline V Palmer
Dec 23, 2008·Developmental and Comparative Immunology·Hélène Thomas-GuyonTristan Renault
Nov 18, 2008·Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology·I-Y TsaoC-C Chen
Nov 4, 2008·Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology·Patricia J Wittkopp, Patrícia Beldade
Oct 24, 2007·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology·Saleem AladailehDavid A Raftos
Dec 8, 2006·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology·Kouhei NagaiHiroshi Miyamoto
Nov 13, 2004·Trends in Microbiology·Richard V GlatzOtto Schmidt
Oct 20, 2004·Journal of Invertebrate Pathology·P Korner, P Schmid-Hempel
Aug 28, 2004·Comptes rendus biologies·Phil IrvingCharles Hetru
Sep 29, 2006·Journal of Invertebrate Pathology·Yuri S TokarevRolf Entzeroth
Aug 15, 2006·Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications·Nurul Islam SiddiquiConstant Gielens
Jan 8, 1999·Journal of Invertebrate Pathology·N M Parkinson, R J Weaver
Dec 4, 2016·Arthropod Structure & Development·Eoin ParleDavid Taylor
Mar 24, 2018·Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology·Ekaterina V GrizanovaIvan M Dubovskiy
Sep 13, 2017·Bulletin of Entomological Research·K Walkowiak-NowickaG Rosiński

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Bacterial Cell Wall Structure (ASM)

Bacterial cell walls are made of peptidoglycan (also called murein), which is made from polysaccharide chains cross-linked by unusual peptides containing D-amino acids. Here is the latest research on bacterial cell wall structures.

Bacterial Cell Wall Structure

Bacterial cell walls are made of peptidoglycan (also called murein), which is made from polysaccharide chains cross-linked by unusual peptides containing D-amino acids. Here is the latest research on bacterial cell wall structures.