Immune responses to invasive aspergillosis: new understanding and therapeutic opportunities.

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
Tobias M Hohl

Abstract

Invasive aspergillosis is a worldwide disease that primarily affects immune-compromised patients, agricultural workers with corneal abrasions, individuals with structural lung disease, and patients with primary immune deficiency. The critical function of the immune system is to prevent the germination of airborne conidia into tissue-invasive hyphae. This review covers recent advances that shape our understanding of anti-Aspergillus immunity at the molecular and cellular level. Host defense against conidia and hyphae occurs via distinct molecular mechanisms that involve intracellular and extracellular killing pathways, as well as cooperation between different myeloid cell subsets. The strength and efficacy of the host response is shaped by the tissue microenvironment. In preclinical models of disease, host immune augmentation strategies have yielded benefits, yet translating these insights into therapeutic strategies in humans remains challenging. Although advances in early diagnostic strategies and in antifungal drugs have ameliorated clinical outcomes of invasive aspergillosis, further improvements depend on gaining deeper insight into and translating advances in anti-Aspergillus immunity.

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Citations

Jan 24, 2018·Frontiers in Immunology·Pappanaicken R KumaresanDimitrios P Kontoyiannis
Dec 19, 2018·Journal of Fungi·Chris D LauruschkatJuergen Loeffler
Sep 27, 2019·Current Fungal Infection Reports·Marissa A ZarakasMichail S Lionakis
Sep 26, 2019·Current Clinical Microbiology Reports·Jigar V Desai, Michail S Lionakis
Jun 12, 2020·Current Fungal Infection Reports·Michail S Lionakis
Jul 15, 2021·Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine·Tavleen Kaur JaggiSanjay H Chotirmall

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An antifungal, also known as an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis, cryptococcal meningitis, and others. Discover the latest research on antifungals here.

Aspergillosis (ASM)

Aspergillosis is the name given to a wide variety of diseases caused by infection by fungi of the genus Aspergillus. Aspergillosis occurs in chronic or acute forms which are clinically very distinct. Most cases of acute aspergillosis occur in patients with severely compromised immune systems. Chronic colonization or infection can cause complications in people with underlying respiratory illnesses. Discover the latest research on aspergillosis here.