Immunoglobulin Attenuates Streptokinase-Mediated Virulence in Streptococcus dysgalactiae Subspecies equisimilis Necrotizing Fasciitis

The Journal of Infectious Diseases
Federica AndreoniReto A Schuepbach

Abstract

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) retains a very high mortality rate despite prompt and adequate antibiotic treatment and surgical debridement. Necrotizing fasciitis has recently been associated with Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis (SDSE). We investigated the causes of a very severe clinical manifestation of SDSE-NF by assessing both host and pathogen factors. We found a lack of streptokinase-function blocking antibodies in the patient resulting in increased streptokinase-mediated fibrinolysis and bacterial spread. At the same time, the clinical SDSE isolate produced very high levels of streptokinase. Exogenous immunoglobulin Gs (ex-IgGs) efficiently blocked streptokinase-mediated fibrinolysis in vitro, indicating a protective role against the action of streptokinase. In vivo, SDSE infection severity was also attenuated by ex-IgGs in a NF mouse model. These findings illustrate for the first time that the lack of specific antibodies against streptococcal virulence factors, such as streptokinase, may contribute to NF disease severity. This can be counteracted by ex-IgGs.

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Citations

Sep 25, 2018·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·Suchandan SikderNatkunam Ketheesan
May 22, 2019·Microbiology Spectrum·Claire E TurnerAndroulla Efstratiou
Jul 27, 2021·Journal of Applied Microbiology·Jifeng ZengWeixin Zeng

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