Immunohistochemical analysis on MMP-2 and MMP-9 for wound age determination

International Journal of Legal Medicine
Yuko IshidaToshikazu Kondo

Abstract

We performed immunohistochemical study combined with morphometrical analyses in order to examine the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 using 55 human skin wounds of different ages: group I, 0-3 days (n = 16); II, 4-7 days (n = 11); III, 9-14 days (n = 16); and IV, 17-21 days (n = 12). Immunopositive reactions for MMP-2 were observed in all human skin specimens including uninjured skin as control. The number of MMP-2(+) macrophages was significantly increased in accordance with wound ages. In contrast to MMP-2, no MMP-9(+) signals were detected in uninjured and wound specimens aged less than 1 day. However, the number of MMP-9(+) macrophages profoundly appeared in groups II and III. Morphometrically, in all of wound samples aged 9-12 days, MMP-2(+) cell number was more than 20. On the contrary, most of the remaining samples had <20 positive cells. However, only one sample (a 7-day-old wound) showed 21 positive cells. Thus, with regard to practical applicability with forensic safety, MMP-2(+) macrophages of >20 would indicate a wound age of 7-12 days. Additionally, 10 out of 12 wound specimens aged 9-12 days showed the MMP-2(+) cell number of >25, implying that MMP-2(+) cell number of >25 would indicate t...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 19, 2016·Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine·Lin-Lin WangDa-Wei Guan
Oct 31, 2017·International Journal of Legal Medicine·Yuko IshidaToshikazu Kondo
Jan 13, 2017·International Journal of Legal Medicine·Xin-Yi JiYan-Yan Fan
Mar 29, 2018·Forensic Sciences Research·Na LiJunhong Sun
Dec 4, 2019·International Journal of Legal Medicine·Yumi KuninakaToshikazu Kondo
Apr 3, 2018·Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology·Jie-Tao HeQi Wang
Jan 8, 2021·International Journal of Legal Medicine·Mizuho NosakaToshikazu Kondo
Sep 10, 2021·FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·Taichi GotoMichael J Iadarola

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