Immunohistochemical Characterization of the Origins of Metastatic Well-differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumors to the Liver

The American Journal of Surgical Pathology
Zhaohai YangLaura H Tang

Abstract

Metastatic neoplasms of unknown primary site pose a major challenge to patient management. As targeted therapies are now being tailored to neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of different primary sites, identifying the origin of metastatic NETs has become increasingly important. Compared with more extensive efforts on metastatic adenocarcinomas of unknown primary, the literature on metastatic NETs (often to the liver) is relatively sparse and most studies are based on primary tumors. We sought to study metastatic well-differentiated NETs to the liver to identify markers that predict the site of origin. Eighty-five metastatic NETs to the liver were retrieved from the pathology archive. The primary sites were determined based on either pathologic review of the primary tumors (in most cases) or radiologic/clinical findings. Immunohistochemical labeling for TTF1, CDX2, ISL1, NKX2.2, and PDX1 was performed on either tissue microarrays or whole sections. The primary sites of the NETs in the study cohort included: pancreas (35%), small intestine (32%), rectum (8%), stomach (2%), bile duct (1%), lung (9%), and unknown primary (12%). We found predominant expression of TTF1 in lung carcinoid (63%), CDX2 in small intestinal (89%) and ISL1 in pan...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 5, 2017·Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders·Krystallenia AlexandrakiGregory Kaltsas
Oct 9, 2018·CA: a Cancer Journal for Clinicians·Mauro Cives, Jonathan R Strosberg
Jul 20, 2018·Endocrine-related Cancer·Nicole PanarelliNeil Renwick
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Apr 3, 2021·World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery·Cornelius J FernandezJoseph M Pappachan

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