Immunohistochemical markers in lymphoid malignancies: Protein correlates of molecular alterations

Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology
Caleb Ho, Scott J Rodig

Abstract

Histomorphology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and genetics are essential tools for the evaluation and classification of lymphoid malignancies. Advances in diagnostic techniques include the development of immunohistochemical assays that can serve as surrogates for genetic tests. We review the performance of a select subset of assays that detect the aberrant expression of onco-proteins secondary to chromosomal translocations (MYC; BCL2), somatic mutations (BRAF V600E; NOTCH1), and gene copy number gains (CD274 (encoding PD-L1); PDCD1LG2 (encoding PD-L2)) in fixed tissue biopsy sections. We discuss the limitations of IHC, but also its primary advantage over genetics; specifically, its ability to assess the final, common phenotypic consequences of a multitude of genetic and non-genetic events that influence protein expression. The information provided by IHC and genetic testing are thus intimately related; surgical pathologists will increasingly need to interpret and integrate the results of both to provide a comprehensive assessment of tumor biology and guide therapy.

References

Aug 15, 1991·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·D M HockenberyS J Korsmeyer
Nov 5, 1987·The New England Journal of Medicine·L M WeissM L Cleary
May 5, 1972·Nature·G Manolov, Y Manolova
Mar 10, 2001·Recent Progress in Hormone Research·J AvruchX F Zhang
Dec 4, 2001·Biology of the Cell·C Peyssonnaux, A Eychène
Jun 18, 2002·Nature·Helen DaviesP Andrew Futreal
Feb 27, 2004·Nature Immunology·Freddy RadtkeH Robson MacDonald
May 6, 2004·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Efisio PuxedduFausto Santeusanio
Jan 19, 2006·Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·Javeed IqbalWing C Chan
Jan 5, 2008·Annual Review of Immunology·Mary E KeirArlene H Sharpe
Nov 26, 2008·Nature Reviews. Cancer·Natalie Meyer, Linda Z Penn
Jan 6, 2009·British Journal of Haematology·Noraidah MasirAbigail M Lee
Jul 29, 2009·Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·Marc R MansourDavid C Linch
Sep 3, 2009·Oncology Reports·Yaqiong LiKennichi Kakudo
Mar 31, 2010·Biochemical Pharmacology·Claudia Wellbrock, Adam Hurlstone
May 6, 2010·The American Journal of Surgical Pathology·Marianna B RuzinovaScott J Rodig
May 26, 2010·Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·Sharon BarransAndrew Jack
Jun 4, 2010·Blood·Gayane Badalian-VeryBarrett J Rollins
Sep 4, 2010·British Journal of Haematology·Paolo SportolettiFranca Falzetti
Oct 22, 2010·The American Journal of Surgical Pathology·Alexandra ValeraElías Campo
Jun 7, 2011·The New England Journal of Medicine·Paul B ChapmanUNKNOWN BRIM-3 Study Group
Jun 22, 2011·Hematological Oncology·Hong Wei ZhangJin Fen Wang
Dec 14, 2011·The New England Journal of Medicine·Lili WangCatherine J Wu
Jan 25, 2012·Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research·Michael R GreenMargaret A Shipp
Apr 19, 2012·PloS One·Michael J KlukScott J Rodig
Apr 26, 2012·The American Journal of Surgical Pathology·Mindaugas AndrulisDavid Capper

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

May 3, 2019·Journal of Global Oncology·Jonathan WawireAliyah R Sohani

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Cancer Epigenetics

Epigenetic changes are present and dysregulated in many cancers, including DNA methylation, non-coding RNA segments and post-translational protein modifications. The epigenetic changes may or may not provide advantages for the cancer cells. Here is the latest research on cancer epigenetics.

Cancer Genomics (Keystone)

Cancer genomics approaches employ high-throughput technologies to identify the complete catalog of somatic alterations that characterize the genome, transcriptome and epigenome of cohorts of tumor samples. Discover the latest research using such technologies in this feed.

B-Cell Leukemia (Keystone)

B-cell leukemia includes various types of lymphoid leukemia that affect B cells. Here is the latest research on B-cell leukemia.

Cancer Epigenetics and Senescence (Keystone)

Epigenetic changes are present and dysregulated in many cancers, including DNA methylation, non-coding RNA segments and post-translational protein modifications. The epigenetic changes may be involved in regulating senescence in cancer cells. This feed captures the latest research on cancer epigenetics and senescence.

Cell Signaling & Cancer Epigenetics (Keystone)

Epigenetic changes are present and dysregulated in many cancers, including DNA methylation, non-coding RNA segments and post-translational protein modifications. This feed covers the latest research on signaling and epigenetics in cell growth and cancer.

Cancer Epigenetics & Methyl-CpG (Keystone)

Epigenetic changes are present and dysregulated in many cancers, including DNA methylation, non-coding RNA segments and post-translational protein modifications. Here is the latest research on cancer epigenetics and methyl-CpG binding proteins including ZBTB38.

B-Cell Lymphoma

B-cell lymphomas include lymphomas that affect B cells. This subtype of cancer accounts for over 80% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the US. Here is the latest research.

BCL-2 Family Proteins

BLC-2 family proteins are a group that share the same homologous BH domain. They play many different roles including pro-survival signals, mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and removal or damaged cells. They are often regulated by phosphorylation, affecting their catalytic activity. Here is the latest research on BCL-2 family proteins.

Apoptosis in Cancer

Apoptosis is an important mechanism in cancer. By evading apoptosis, tumors can continue to grow without regulation and metastasize systemically. Many therapies are evaluating the use of pro-apoptotic activation to eliminate cancer growth. Here is the latest research on apoptosis in cancer.

Cancer Epigenetics (Keystone)

Epigenetic changes are present and dysregulated in many cancers, including DNA methylation, non-coding RNA segments and post-translational protein modifications. The epigenetic changes may or may not provide advantages for the cancer cells. Here is the latest research on cancer epigenetics.

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a specific process that leads to programmed cell death through the activation of an evolutionary conserved intracellular pathway leading to pathognomic cellular changes distinct from cellular necrosis

Cancer Epigenetics & Metabolism (Keystone)

Epigenetic changes are present and dysregulated in many cancers, including DNA methylation, non-coding RNA segments and post-translational protein modifications. The epigenetic changes may or may not provide advantages for the cancer cells. This feed focuses on the relationship between cell metabolism, epigenetics and tumor differentiation.