Immunohistochemical study of alpha-smooth muscle actin in odontogenic cysts and tumors

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology : JOMFP
Vidya Mallipattana AnnegowdaA Smitha

Abstract

Myofibroblasts (MFs) are fibroblasts with smooth muscle-like features characterized by the presence of a contractile apparatus. Alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) is the actin isoform that predominates within vascular smooth muscle cells and plays an important role in fibrogenesis. MFs are metabolically and morphologically distinctive fibroblasts expressing α-SMA, and their activation plays a key role in development of the fibrotic response. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the frequency, distribution and expression of α-SMA-positive MFs in odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), dentigerous cyst (DC) and ameloblastoma and correlate it to their aggressive biological behavior. A retrospective study of 45 diagnosed cases, which includes 15 cases of OKC, 15 cases of DC and 15 cases of ameloblastoma, was undertaken to demonstrate expression of α-SMA retrieved from archives of our department. α-SMA mouse anti-human antibody and horseradish peroxidase detection system were used in this study. Descriptive statistical analysis and ANOVA test were used for statistical analysis. The difference in mean α-SMA count was found to be statistically significant between ameloblastoma and DC group (P < 0.001) as well as OKC and DC group (P < 0.001). ...Continue Reading

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