PMID: 15218805Jun 29, 2004Paper

Immunologic factors in primary progressive multiple sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis : Clinical and Laboratory Research
R Hohlfeld

Abstract

Primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) is clinically characterized by progression without remission or relapse, in contrast to relapsing forms of MS. Pathologic and imaging findings also indicate that PPMS differs from relapsing forms. Recent studies examining potential immunologic differences among MS forms suggest that cytokine and adhesion molecule expression profiles, but not chemokine receptor profiles, in PPMS patients resemble those in healthy controls more than those in patients with relapsing MS. However, the significance of these findings remains to be fully elucidated, and there is little additional evidence as yet of marked differences among MS forms based on immunologic characteristics. Of interest are the recent demonstrations that activated immune cells produce brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neuroprotective factor, in MS lesions, that BDNF receptors are located in MS tissue, and that glatiramer acetate (GA)-specific T cells produce BDNF irrespective of T helper cell Th1 or Th2 phenotype. These findings both support the concept of a protective inflammation in MS and suggest an additional mechanism of action for the clinical effects of GA therapy in MS. Whether and to what extent this mechanism ...Continue Reading

References

Nov 6, 2001·Journal of Neuroimmunology·A H van Boxel-DezaireL Nagelkerken
Nov 29, 2001·Multiple Sclerosis : Clinical and Laboratory Research·R EggT Berger
Oct 3, 2002·Multiple Sclerosis : Clinical and Laboratory Research·E M Martínez-CáceresX Montalban
Feb 26, 2003·Annals of Neurology·Martin KerschensteinerReinhard Hohlfeld
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Feb 26, 2004·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Christian SkulinaNorbert Goebels

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Citations

Aug 13, 2009·Journal of Ocular Biology, Diseases, and Informatics·Ping HuangChun Zhang
Jan 5, 2010·Journal of Ocular Biology, Diseases, and Informatics·Ping HuangChun Zhang
Jun 26, 2012·Brain : a Journal of Neurology·Elaine KingwellHelen Tremlett
Nov 9, 2005·Clinical Immunology : the Official Journal of the Clinical Immunology Society·Marcella CaggiulaMassimiliano Mirabella
Oct 19, 2005·Pharmacology & Therapeutics·Adil Javed, Anthony T Reder
May 12, 2009·Neurobiology of Disease·Hayrettin TumaniUNKNOWN BioMS Study Group
Nov 17, 2010·Multiple Sclerosis : Clinical and Laboratory Research·Patrizia SolaElisa Merelli
Dec 10, 2009·Multiple Sclerosis : Clinical and Laboratory Research·X MontalbanA J Thompson

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