Immunological basis for treatment of graft versus host disease after liver transplant

Expert Review of Clinical Immunology
Vikrant RaiDevendra K Agrawal

Abstract

Graft versus host disease (GVHD) after liver transplant, although a rare disease, has a very high mortality rate. GVHD occurs due to immunoreactions caused by donor T lymphocytes and host cell surface antigens resulting in proliferation and clonal expansion of T lymphocyte. Migration of effector cells, including macrophages, NK cells and cytotoxic T lymphocyte, to the target organs such as skin, intestine and bone marrow results in skin rashes, diarrhea and bone marrow depression. GVHD is diagnosed by clinical symptoms, histopathological findings and by the presence of chimerism. The delayed diagnosis, opportunistic infections and lack of definitive treatment of post orthotopic liver transplant (OLT)-GVHD results in sepsis and multi-organ failure leading to very low survival rates. In this review, we have focused on early diagnosis and critically discuss novel treatment modalities to decrease the incidence of GVHD.

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Citations

Jun 9, 2017·Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry·Vikrant RaiDevendra K Agrawal
Dec 29, 2020·ACG Case Reports Journal·Jerry Yung-Lun ChinEdward Gane
Jul 23, 2021·Transplantation Direct·Stuart S KaufmanCal S Matsumoto
Jul 17, 2021·Experimental and Clinical Transplantation : Official Journal of the Middle East Society for Organ Transplantation·Wenjing WangChen Huang

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