Abstract
The outcomes of organ transplantation are determined by graft rejection, the mechanisms of which are some of the most important areas of study in the transplantation field. The main cause of rejection is the immunologic response of the recipient toward the transplanted organ. The immunologic responses are regulated by T-cell subsets, especially helper T-cells, which have been characterized as T(H)1 or T(H)2 cells according to their profiles of cytokines production. A unique subset of recently identified lymphocytes, the regulatory T cells (T(reg)s), seem to play a role in tolerance. The recently identified T(H)17 cells are a subset of effector-helper lymphocytes that specifically secrete interleukin (IL) 17. Interestingly, T(H)17 and T(reg) both develop from naïve T cells on stimulation by transforming growth factor β. The difference is only the existence of IL-6, a proinflammatory cytokine. T(H)17 clears pathogens that are not adequately handled by T(H)1 and T(H)2 elements, as well as contributing to autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and inflammatory diseases. Autoimmune diseases are caused by reactions to self-antigens. T(H)17 (or IL-17) and IL-6 are also thought to be involved i...Continue Reading
References
Nov 8, 2001·Blood·N TanumaK Kikuchi
Mar 19, 2002·The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation : the Official Publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation·Marc EstenneSamuel Yousem
Mar 4, 2006·Stem Cells·Weitao HuangPaul Schwarzenberger
Oct 14, 2008·Immunity·Hideki OguraToshio Hirano
Dec 25, 2008·Rheumatology·M KawaiT Tanaka
Jan 16, 2009·Immunity·Harumichi IshigameYoichiro Iwakura
Feb 19, 2009·Journal of Viral Hepatitis·Nadia Alatrakchi, Margaret Koziel
Apr 16, 2010·Transplantation·Tomoyuki NakagiriMeinoshin Okumura
Feb 3, 2011·Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology·Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh, Abbas Mirshafiey
Citations
Mar 8, 2013·Future Medicinal Chemistry·Makio Iwashima, Robert Love
Nov 13, 2013·Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases·Jonathan PoplerRobin R Deterding
Mar 22, 2014·Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology·Cheng ZhangXing-Hua Chen
Apr 29, 2014·Transplantation Proceedings·J M KimE-S Kang
Jun 4, 2013·Transplantation Proceedings·S W ReinholdB Banas
Jun 28, 2016·Biomarkers : Biochemical Indicators of Exposure, Response, and Susceptibility to Chemicals·Rosa Bianca SchmuckIgor M Sauer
Dec 9, 2016·Human Gene Therapy·Dolan SondhiRonald G Crystal
Jun 22, 2013·Acta Biochimica Et Biophysica Sinica·Renfan XuMuxun Zhang
Mar 13, 2014·Bulletin of Mathematical Biology·Seongwon LeeYangjin Kim
Oct 7, 2017·Medicine·Young Sik WooJuhee Cho
Jul 19, 2017·American Journal of Transplantation : Official Journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons·D J CarpenterD L Farber
Oct 4, 2014·BMC Immunology·Marilena GregoriniTeresa Rampino
Feb 17, 2019·Xenotransplantation·Yanli ZhaoHanchao Gao
Nov 17, 2019·American Journal of Transplantation : Official Journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons·Guoqiang ZhangHidetaka Hara
Oct 8, 2016·BMC Immunology·Mahmoud SadeghiVolker Daniel
Jan 22, 2013·Allergy·C PiletteK T Nouri-Aria
Aug 9, 2016·Molecules and Cells·Nayoung KimShin Hwang
Feb 23, 2020·Annals of Hematology·Anna-Sophia KattnerDaniel Wolff
Jun 12, 2020·Clinical Microbiology Reviews·Joshua S DavisMichael Boyle
Aug 23, 2016·Transplantation·Stanley C JordanAshley Vo
Apr 2, 2021·Kidney Research and Clinical Practice·David P BasilePurvi Mehrotra
Nov 10, 2013·The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery·Yunge ZhaoChristine L Lau
May 1, 2021·Cells·Laura BergantiniDavid Bennett
Feb 10, 2021·Transplantation·Simona NemskaUNKNOWN COLT consortium
Oct 13, 2021·The Journal of Asthma : Official Journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma·Yi-En YaoTian-Xia Huang