Immunology of West Nile Virus Infection and the Role of Alpha-Synuclein as a Viral Restriction Factor

Viral Immunology
Kelsey E Lesteberg, John David Beckham

Abstract

West Nile virus (WNV) is a single-stranded RNA flavivirus and is a major cause of viral encephalitis worldwide. Experimental models of WNV infection in mice are commonly used to define acute neuroinflammatory responses in the brain. Alpha-synuclein (Asyn) is a protein of primarily neuronal origin and is a major cause of Parkinson's disease (PD), a disorder characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons. Both WNV and PD pathologies are largely mediated by inflammation of the central nervous system (neuroinflammation) and have overlapping inflammatory pathways. In this review, we highlight the roles of the immune system in both diseases while comparing and contrasting both protective and pathogenic roles of immune cells and their effector proteins. Additionally, we review the current literature showing that Asyn is an important mediator of the immune response with diverging roles in PD (pathogenic) and WNV disease (neuroprotective).

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Citations

Aug 11, 2020·Current Tropical Medicine Reports·Amy Y VittorSteven T DeKosky
Jun 11, 2020·Movement Disorders : Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society·Sofiane Ait WahmaneMohamed Nejmeddine
Oct 13, 2020·Frontiers in Neurology·Pedro Chaná-CuevasAnna Milán-Solé
Feb 20, 2021·Journal of Neurology·V A Blanco-PalmeroJ González de la Aleja
Apr 30, 2021·Frontiers in Neurology·Mar Pacheco-HerreroJosé Luna-Muñoz
Jan 19, 2022·Movement Disorders : Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society·Morgane LinardCatherine Helmer

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