Immunomodulatory effects of xanthan gum in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages

Carbohydrate Polymers
Fuyan LiuFengshan Wang

Abstract

In this study, we evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of xanthan gum (XG) in RAW264.7 macrophages and the underlying molecular mechanisms. We used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyze the morphology of XG-treated RAW264.7 cells with and without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation and investigated the subsequent effects on nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) levels in LPS-activated mouse RAW264.7 macrophages. We also analyzed the binding affinity of XG to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis and observed that XG decreased NO, IL-6 and TNF-α secretion into the culture medium and iNOS and COX-2 protein levels induced by LPS. This study reveals a two-way immunomodulatory effect of XG on inflammatory mediators in RAW264.7 macrophages that may involve the TLR4 signal pathway, providing a pharmacological basis for the use of XG in the control of inflammatory disorders.

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Citations

Jul 22, 2017·International Journal of Biological Macromolecules·Zhe RenYifan Huang
Aug 27, 2019·Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition·Jenny K KooJae H Kim
Apr 8, 2020·Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine·Yufeng Lou, Zhenrong Huang
Jul 29, 2020·Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition·Linlin ZhaoBenu Adhikari
Aug 28, 2020·Chemistry & Biodiversity·Luye ZongXiangdong Luo
May 11, 2021·Macromolecular Bioscience·Zhuqing Li, Kaitlin M Bratlie
Apr 15, 2020·International Journal of Biological Macromolecules·Priscilla Barbosa Sales AlbuquerqueLuana Cassandra Breitenbach Barroso Coelho

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