PMID: 11898527Mar 20, 2002Paper

Immunopathogenesis of the multiple sclerosis lesion

Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports
S Markovic-Plese, H F McFarland

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is thought to be an autoimmune disease with a chronic inflammatory response directed against central nervous system (CNS) myelin antigens. Immunologic studies indicate that autoreactive CD4+ lymphocytes migrate into the CNS causing blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption, an initial event in the evolution of the MS lesion. Subsequent antigen recognition within the CNS initiates inflammatory responses that, through the multiple effector mechanisms, lead to demyelination. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies provide new insights into the evolution of the MS lesion, revealing an active and continuous pathologic process that is not only localized to focal lesions, but also diffusely affects normal appearing white matter (NAWM). Standard T2-weighted images are exquisitely sensitive, showing changes due to inflammation, edema, demyelination, and axonal loss, but because of the lack of pathologic specificity, they only moderately correlate with the clinical parameters. New MRI techniques, including magnetic resonance spectroscopy, magnetization transfer, and diffusion imaging, provide a better measure of axonal loss and demyelination, the most clinically relevant components of MS lesions. Hopefully, they will ...Continue Reading

References

Feb 1, 1991·Journal of Neuroscience Research·W F HickeyH Kimura
Apr 1, 1995·Annals of Neurology·B Cannella, C S Raine
Aug 1, 1995·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·P B ChallonerM Chang
Mar 1, 1997·Brain : a Journal of Neurology·B FergusonV H Perry
Jan 29, 1998·The New England Journal of Medicine·B D TrappL Bö
Apr 29, 1998·Brain : a Journal of Neurology·J I O'RiordanD H Miller
Jul 23, 1998·Neurology·V L StevensonA J Thompson
Dec 3, 1999·Brain : a Journal of Neurology·C LucchinettiH Lassmann
May 29, 2000·Brain : a Journal of Neurology·M D CarrithersC A Janeway
May 29, 2000·Brain : a Journal of Neurology·A BitschW Brück
Sep 20, 2000·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·T BrabbJ Goverman

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Nov 26, 2010·Journal of Molecular Neuroscience : MN·Mir SajadHaider A Khan
May 17, 2005·Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America·Jack H Simon
Feb 16, 2006·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·Farshid NoorbakhshChristopher Power
Dec 24, 2010·Toxicological Sciences : an Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology·Alexandra GramowskiSteffen Mitzner
Mar 6, 2009·The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience·Matthew D BuddeSheng-Kwei Song
Jan 21, 2011·The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. Le Journal Canadien Des Sciences Neurologiques·Christopher PowerFarshid Noorbakhsh
Jun 22, 2014·The Spine Journal : Official Journal of the North American Spine Society·Daniel LubelskiThomas E Mroz
Mar 20, 2010·Seminars in Immunopathology·Trina A JohnsonSylvie Fournier
Oct 4, 2005·American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology·J D HuberT P Davis
Dec 31, 2005·Journal of Neuroimaging : Official Journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging·Robert Zivadinov, Thomas P Leist
Mar 24, 2012·Journal of Clinical Neuroscience : Official Journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia·David Olayinka KamsonZoltán Pfund
Aug 21, 2010·The American Journal of Pathology·Jingxian YangGuang-Xian Zhang
Nov 4, 2008·Clinical Immunology : the Official Journal of the Clinical Immunology Society·Monica MontesSilva Markovic-Plese
Sep 9, 2015·Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders·Tjalf ZiemssenBernd C Kieseier
Jul 29, 2006·Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America·Jack H Simon
Nov 22, 2005·Radiologic Clinics of North America·Jack H Simon
Jun 16, 2004·Journal of Neuroscience Research·Ajaib Singh PaintliaInderjit Singh
Mar 3, 2004·Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews·Mario C RattazziW Ted Brown
Sep 28, 2007·Magnetic Resonance in Medicine : Official Journal of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine·Joseph P Y KaoGerald M Rosen
Jun 5, 2004·Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery·Silva Markovic-PleseRoland Martin
Feb 14, 2006·Pharmacology & Therapeutics·Susan I V Judge, Christopher T Bever
Jul 9, 2013·Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets·Aleksandar DenicMoses Rodriguez
Jan 3, 2012·Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology·Rory D Spence, Rhonda R Voskuhl
Aug 11, 2010·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta·Joseph M AntonyChristopher Power
Sep 8, 2016·Journal of Immunotoxicology·Dariush HaghmoradMahmoud Mahmoudi

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Astrocytes

Astrocytes are glial cells that support the blood-brain barrier, facilitate neurotransmission, provide nutrients to neurons, and help repair damaged nervous tissues. Here is the latest research.

Autoimmune Diseases

Autoimmune diseases occur as a result of an attack by the immune system on the body’s own tissues resulting in damage and dysfunction. There are different types of autoimmune diseases, in which there is a complex and unknown interaction between genetics and the environment. Discover the latest research on autoimmune diseases here.

Blood Brain Barrier & Cytokines

Some cytokines are able to cross the blood brain barrier through transport systems and enter the cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid spaces. Here is the latest research on cytokines crossing the blood brain barrier and how this can affect tissues within the CNS.

Blood Brain Barrier

The blood brain barrier is a border that separates blood from cerebrospinal fluid. Discover the latest search on this highly selective semipermeable membrane here.

Blood Brain Barrier Chips

The blood brain barrier (BBB) is comprised of endothelial cells that regulate the influx and outflux of plasma concentrations. Lab-on-a-chip devices allow scientists to model diseases and mechanisms such as the passage of therapeutic antibodies across the BBB. Discover the latest research on BBB chips here.

Related Papers

The New England Journal of Medicine
J H NoseworthyB G Weinshenker
Multiple Sclerosis : Clinical and Laboratory Research
K MorgenH F McFarland
Multiple Sclerosis : Clinical and Laboratory Research
M KremenchutzkyG C Ebers
Multiple Sclerosis : Clinical and Laboratory Research
N D RichertJoseph A Frank
© 2022 Meta ULC. All rights reserved