Immunostimulatory Activities of CpG-Oligodeoxynucleotides in Teleosts: Toll-Like Receptors 9 and 21

Frontiers in Immunology
Chao-Yang LaiTsung-Hsien Chuang

Abstract

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern-recognition receptors that detect a wide variety of microbial pathogens for the initiation of host defense immunological responses. Thirteen TLRs have been identified in mammals, and teleosts contain 22 mammalian or non-mammalian TLRs. Of these, TLR9 and TLR21 are the cytosine-phosphate-guanosine-oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODNs) recognition TLRs in teleosts. TLR9 is a mammalian TLR expressed in teleost but not in the avian species. TLR21 is a non-mammalian TLR expressed in both teleost and the avian species. Synthetic CpG-ODNs are potent immunostimulants that are being studied for their application against tumors, allergies, and infectious diseases, and as a vaccine adjuvant in humans. The immunostimulatory effects of CpG-ODNs as vaccine adjuvants and their antimicrobial function in domestic animals and teleosts are also being investigated. Most of our current knowledge about the molecular basis for the immunostimulatory activity of CpG-ODNs comes from earlier studies of the interaction between CpG-ODN and TLR9. More recent studies indicate that in addition to TLR9, TLR21 is another receptor for CpG-ODN recognition in teleosts to initiate immune responses. Whether these two receptors have ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 11, 2020·Frontiers in Immunology·Monica C GestalEric T Harvill
Apr 6, 2021·Bioactive Materials·Yujun ZengKui Luo
May 20, 2021·Journal of Materials Chemistry. B, Materials for Biology and Medicine·Linan LiuEn Luo
May 23, 2021·Trends in Pharmacological Sciences·Tufan GökirmakPunit P Seth
Nov 6, 2020·Molecular Pharmaceutics·Mauricio Comas-GarciaSergio Rosales-Mendoza
Sep 22, 2021·International Reviews of Immunology·Xu-Li FanPei-Yao Lin

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