Immunotherapeutic Approaches in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

International Journal of Breast Cancer
Karima OuallaNawfel Mellas

Abstract

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by the absence of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). It accounts for 15%-20% of all breast cancers and is associated with an aggressive evolution and poor outcomes with the majority of recurrences and deaths occurring in the first 5 years. Chemotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment in the absence of effective targets, but the good understanding of immune tumor microenvironment, the identification of immune-related targets, and the role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in TNBC has allowed to develop promising immunotherapeutic strategies for this unique subset of breast cancer. Recently, immunotherapy is being extensively explored in TNBC and clinical trials have shown promising results. In this article, we tried to explain the rationale and mechanisms of targeting the immune system in TNBC, to report the results from recent clinical trials that put immunotherapy as a new standard of care in TNBC in addition to ongoing trials and future directions in the next decade.

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Citations

Aug 29, 2021·Pharmaceuticals·Elizabeth R BergerNita Ahuja

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
xenografts
transfection

Clinical Trials Mentioned

NCT02819518
NCT02954874
NCT03414684
NCT03125902
NCT03197935
NCT01772004
NCT02926196
NCT02725489
NCT02628132
NCT02484404

Software Mentioned

GeparNuevo
iRECIST
TOPACIO

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