Immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: recent advances and future perspectives

Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology
Weiqi XuJiansong Ji

Abstract

The introduction of immunotherapies has been a major development in the treatment of many advanced cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We are entering a new era of systemic therapy for advanced HCC associated with an explosion of clinical trial activity. Data from phase I/II studies of checkpoint inhibitors in advanced HCC have been promising, with durable objective response rates of approximately 20% seen (in both first- and second-line settings) and acceptable safety profiles (including immune-mediated hepatitis). Phase III studies evaluating anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1) and anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1) antibodies compared with sorafenib are already underway. The potential synergistic effects of anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 when used in combination with agents against other checkpoint molecules, systemic therapies, as well as conventional surgical and locoregional therapies are also being explored in upcoming clinical trials. Aside from this, other strategies to harness the immune system, including chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T cells, natural killer cell therapies, and peptide vaccines directed against HCC antigens have entered phase I/II studies. Current limitations of ...Continue Reading

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
genotyping

Clinical Trials Mentioned

NCT01658878
NCT03298451
NCT02576509
NCT03383458
NCT02702401
NCT03062358
NCT03412773
NCT02989922
NCT03099109
NCT03005782

Software Mentioned

iRECIST
mRECIST
irRECIST

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