Impact of Amblyopia on the Central Nervous System.

Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility
Nathaniel P MillerBas Rokers

Abstract

Amblyopia is a common perceptual disorder resulting from abnormal visual input during development. The clinical presentation and visual deficits associated with amblyopia are well characterized. Less is known however, about amblyopia's impact on the central nervous system (CNS). While early insights into the neuropathophysiology of amblyopia have been based on findings from animal models and postmortem human studies, recent advances in noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques have enabled the study of amblyopia's effects in vivo. We review recent retinal and neuroimaging research documenting amblyopia's structural and functional impact on the CNS. Clinical imaging provides some evidence for retinal and optic nerve abnormalities in amblyopic eyes, although the overall picture remains inconclusive. Neuroimaging studies report clearer changes in both structure and function of the visual pathways. In the optic nerves, optic tracts, and optic radiations of individuals with amblyopia, white-matter integrity is decreased. In the lateral geniculate nuclei, gray matter volume is decreased and neural activity is reduced. Reduced responses are also seen in the amblyopic primary visual cortex and extrastriate areas. Overall,...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 29, 2021·Journal of AAPOS : the Official Publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus·Xue HuangLongqian Liu

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