Impact of Autoantibodies against Glycolytic Enzymes on Pathogenicity of Autoimmune Retinopathy and Other Autoimmune Disorders

Frontiers in Immunology
Grazyna Adamus

Abstract

Autoantibodies (AAbs) against glycolytic enzymes: aldolase, α-enolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and pyruvate kinase are prevalent in sera of patients with blinding retinal diseases, such as paraneoplastic [cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR)] and non-paraneoplastic autoimmune retinopathies, as well as in many other autoimmune diseases. CAR is a degenerative disease of the retina characterized by sudden vision loss in patients with cancer and serum anti-retinal AAbs. In this review, we discuss the widespread serum presence of anti-glycolytic enzyme AAbs and their significance in autoimmune diseases. There are multiple mechanisms responsible for antibody generation, including the innate anti-microbial response, anti-tumor response, or autoimmune response against released self-antigens from damaged, inflamed tissue. AAbs against enolase, GADPH, and aldolase exist in a single patient in elevated titers, suggesting their participation in pathogenicity. The lack of restriction of AAbs to one disease may be related to an increased expression of glycolytic enzymes in various metabolically active tissues that triggers an autoimmune response and generation of AAbs with the same specificity in several chronic and autoimmu...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 13, 2019·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Enayat NikoopourSteven K Lundy
Nov 27, 2019·Clinical Immunology : the Official Journal of the Clinical Immunology Society·Grazyna AdamusSufang Yang
Feb 16, 2021·Frontiers in Genetics·Frankis A AlmaguelCarlos A Casiano
Jul 1, 2021·Journal of Translational Autoimmunity·Aaron LernerYehuda Shoenfeld
Jul 9, 2021·Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences·Carolina Rodríguez-SaavedraSobeida Sánchez-Nieto
Jul 24, 2021·Scientific Reports·Aulia Rahmi PawestriAdisak Trinavarat
Aug 31, 2021·Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences·David B PirovichPatrick J Skelly

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