Impact of Extending Hard-Cheese Ripening: A Multiparameter Characterization of Parmigiano Reggiano Cheese Ripened up to 50 Months

Foods
Paolo D'InceccoLuisa Pellegrino

Abstract

Extending ripening of hard cheeses well beyond the traditional ripening period is becoming increasingly popular, although little is known about the actual evolution of their characteristics. The present work aimed at investigating selected traits of Parmigiano Reggiano cheese ripened for 12, 18, 24, 30, 40 and 50 months. Two cheeses per each ripening period were sampled. Although moisture constantly decreased and was close to 25% in 50-month cheeses, with a parallel increase in cheese hardness, several biochemical changes occurred involving the activity of both native and microbial enzymes. Capillary electrophoresis demonstrated degradation of αs1- and β-casein, indicating residual activity of both chymosin and plasmin. Similarly, continuous release of free amino acids supported the activity of peptidases deriving from lysed bacterial cells. Volatile flavor compounds, such as short-chain fatty acids and some derived ketones, alcohols and esters, evaluated by gas chromatography with solid-phase micro-extraction, accumulated as well. Cheese microstructure was characterized by free fat trapped in irregularly shaped areas within a protein network, with native fat globules being no longer visible. This study showed for the first tim...Continue Reading

References

Mar 20, 2014·International Journal of Food Microbiology·Marie-Christine MontelFrançoise Berthier
Jun 15, 2016·International Journal of Food Microbiology·Camilla LazziMonica Gatti
May 6, 2019·Food Chemistry·Paolo D'InceccoLuisa Pellegrino

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Citations

Dec 15, 2020·Journal of Dairy Science·Paul S Kindstedt, Patrick J Polowsky
Jan 30, 2021·Food Research International·Pellegrino ConteOnofrio Corona
Jun 3, 2021·Foods·Golfo Moatsou, Ekaterini Moschopoulou
Oct 12, 2021·Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry : MRC·Elena PiacenzaPaolo Lo Meo

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
rheology
electrophoresis

Software Mentioned

Vision4D
SPSS
Unscrambler
Codex Alimentarius

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