Impact of metronidazole therapy on preterm birth in women with bacterial vaginosis flora (Gardnerella vaginalis): a randomised, placebo controlled trial

British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
H M McDonaldP J McDonald

Abstract

To ascertain whether metronidazole treatment of women with a heavy growth of Gardnerella vaginalis during mid-pregnancy would reduce the risk of spontaneous preterm birth. A multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Four metropolitan hospitals. Eight hundred and seventy-nine singleton women with a heavy growth of G. vaginalis or Gram stain indicative of bacterial vaginosis at 19 weeks of gestation. Oral metronidazole (400 mg) or placebo twice daily for two days at 24 weeks of gestation, and at 29 weeks if G. vaginalis found in test-of-cure swab four weeks after treatment. Spontaneous preterm birth less than 37 weeks. Intention-to-treat analysis showed no difference between metronidazole and placebo groups in overall preterm birth (31/429 [7.2%] vs 32/428 [7.5%]) or spontaneous preterm birth (20/429 [4.7%] vs 24/428 [5.6%]). Among the 480 women with bacterial vaginosis treatment had no effect on spontaneous preterm birth (11/242 [4.5%] vs 15/238 [6.3%]). In the subset of 46 women with a previous preterm birth, women in the metronidazole group showed a significant reduction in spontaneous preterm birth (2/22 [9.1%] vs 10/24 [41.7%], OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.01-0.84). A treatment effect was also found in compliant women with a p...Continue Reading

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