Impact of the Withdrawal of Palivizumab Immunoprophylaxis on the Incidence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Hospitalizations Among Infants Born at 33 to 35 Weeks' Gestational Age in the Province of Quebec, Canada: The RSV-Quebec Study.

Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
Jesse PapenburgMarc H Lebel

Abstract

Infants born at 33-35 completed weeks' gestational age (wGA) aged <6 months at the start of or born during respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) season and classified as moderate/high risk of severe RSV disease were included in a palivizumab RSV prophylaxis program in the province of Quebec, Canada, until 2014-2015. We assessed the impact of withdrawal of this indication on lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI)/RSV hospitalizations (H) in this population. We conducted a 4-year, retrospective, cohort study in 25 Quebec hospitals (2 seasons with and 2 without palivizumab prophylaxis for moderate- to high-risk infants). Our primary outcome was LRTI/RSV-H incidence. We compared LRTI/RSV-H incidence before (2013-2015; seasons 1 + 2 [S1/2]) and after (2015-2017; S3/4) the change in indication. We identified 6457 33-35 wGA births. LRTI/RSV-H occurred in 105/3353 infants (3.13%) in S1/2 and 130/3104 (4.19%) in S3/4. Among LRTI/RSV-H, 86.4% were laboratory-confirmed RSV-H. Adjusting for sex, wGA, and birth month, S3/4 was significantly associated with increased LRTI/RSV-H incidence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.76) but not with laboratory-confirmed RSV-H (aOR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.90-1.58). Mean durati...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 14, 2022·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·Xin WangUNKNOWN Respiratory Syncytial Virus Consortium in Europe (RESCEU) Investigators

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