Implicating the glutathione-gated potassium efflux system as a cause of electrophile-induced activated sludge deflocculation

Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Charles B Bott, Nancy G Love

Abstract

The glutathione-gated K(+) efflux (GGKE) system represents a protective microbial stress response that is activated by electrophilic or thiol-reactive stressors. It was hypothesized that efflux of cytoplasmic K(+) occurs in activated sludge communities in response to shock loads of industrially relevant electrophilic chemicals and results in significant deflocculation. Novosphingobium capsulatum, a bacterium consistent with others found in activated sludge treatment systems, responded to electrophilic thiol reactants with rapid efflux of up to 80% of its cytoplasmic K(+) pool. Furthermore, N. capsulatum and activated sludge cultures exhibited dynamic efflux-uptake-efflux responses very similar to those observed by others in Escherichia coli K-12 exposed to the electrophilic stressors N-ethylmaleimide and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and the reducing agent dithiothreitol. Fluorescent LIVE/DEAD stains were used to show that cell lysis was not the cause of electrophile-induced K(+) efflux. Nigericin was used to artificially stimulate K(+) efflux from N. capsulatum and activated sludge cultures as a comparison to electrophile-induced K(+) efflux and showed that cytoplasmic K(+) efflux by both means corresponded with activated sludge...Continue Reading

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Aug 2, 2002·Water Environment Research : a Research Publication of the Water Environment Federation·Charles B Bott, Nancy G Love

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Citations

Feb 11, 2010·Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology·Luis A Sayavedra-SotoMark E Dolan
Apr 27, 2012·Environmental Science & Technology·Christina L Arnaout, Claudia K Gunsch
Feb 12, 2008·Chemosphere·Sujata Ray, Catherine A Peters
Jul 16, 2013·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·Ágnes BlaskóMiklós Pesti
Oct 4, 2007·Water Environment Research : a Research Publication of the Water Environment Federation·Inês D S HenriquesNancy G Love

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