Implications of the Propensity Score Matching Paradox in Pharmacoepidemiology

American Journal of Epidemiology
John E RipolloneJessica M Franklin

Abstract

Recent work has demonstrated that propensity score matching may lead to increased covariate imbalance, even with the corresponding decrease in propensity score distance between matched units. The extent to which this paradoxical phenomenon might harm causal inference in real epidemiologic studies has not been explored. We evaluated the effect of this phenomenon using insurance claims data from the Pharmaceutical Assistance Contract for the Elderly (1999-2002) and Medicaid Analytic eXtract (2000-2007) databases in the United States. For each data set, we created several 1:1 propensity-score-matched data sets by manipulating the size of the covariate set used to generate propensity scores, the index exposure prevalence in the prematched data set, and the matching algorithm. We matched all index units, then progressively pruned matched sets in order of decreasing propensity score distance, calculating covariate imbalance after each pruning. Although covariate imbalance sometimes increased after progressive pruning of matched sets, the application of commonly used propensity score calipers for defining an acceptable match stopped pruning near the lowest region of the imbalance trend and resulted in an improvement over the imbalance...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 9, 2019·Circulation·Elisabetta PatornoSebastian Schneeweiss
Dec 14, 2019·Rheumatology·Til StürmerMichele Jonsson Funk
Dec 18, 2019·American Journal of Epidemiology·John E RipolloneJessica M Franklin
Jul 24, 2020·PloS One·Szabolcs Szekér, Ágnes Vathy-Fogarassy
Aug 11, 2020·Pharmaceutical Statistics·Jixian Wang
Jun 5, 2020·Intractable & Rare Diseases Research·Irena CenzerKarin Berger
Sep 18, 2020·Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety·John E RipolloneJessica M Franklin
Dec 31, 2020·Statistics in Medicine·Michael Webster-ClarkRobert J Glynn
Apr 10, 2021·American Journal of Transplantation : Official Journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons·Aránzazu Caballero-MarcosUNKNOWN Spanish Society of Liver Transplantation (SETH)
Jun 2, 2021·Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research·David GuyGeorge Rodrigues
Jun 11, 2021·Epidemiologic Reviews·Noah Greifer, Elizabeth A Stuart

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