Improving Clinical Translation of Machine Learning Approaches Through Clinician-Tailored Visual Displays of Black Box Algorithms: Development and Validation

JMIR Medical Informatics
Shannon WongvibulsinScott L Zeger

Abstract

Despite the promise of machine learning (ML) to inform individualized medical care, the clinical utility of ML in medicine has been limited by the minimal interpretability and black box nature of these algorithms. The study aimed to demonstrate a general and simple framework for generating clinically relevant and interpretable visualizations of black box predictions to aid in the clinical translation of ML. To obtain improved transparency of ML, simplified models and visual displays can be generated using common methods from clinical practice such as decision trees and effect plots. We illustrated the approach based on postprocessing of ML predictions, in this case random forest predictions, and applied the method to data from the Left Ventricular (LV) Structural Predictors of Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) Registry for individualized risk prediction of SCD, a leading cause of death. With the LV Structural Predictors of SCD Registry data, SCD risk predictions are obtained from a random forest algorithm that identifies the most important predictors, nonlinearities, and interactions among a large number of variables while naturally accounting for missing data. The black box predictions are postprocessed using classification and regre...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 8, 2020·Journal of the American Heart Association·Katherine C WuScott L Zeger

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Clinical Trials Mentioned

NCT01076660

Software Mentioned

R
randomForestSRC R package

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