Improving the performance of eye trackers with limited spatial accuracy and low sampling rates for reading analysis by heuristic fixation-to-word mapping

Behavior Research Methods
Oleg ŠpakovKari-Jouko Räihä

Abstract

The recent growth in low-cost eye-tracking systems makes it feasible to incorporate real-time measurement and analysis of eye position data into activities such as learning to read. It also enables field studies of reading behavior in the classroom and other learning environments. We present a study of the data quality provided by two remote eye trackers, one being a low-sampling-rate, low-cost system. Then we present two algorithms for mapping fixations derived from the data to the words being read. One is for immediate (or real-time) mapping of fixations to words and the other for deferred (or post hoc) mapping. Following this, an evaluation study is reported. Both studies were carried out in the classroom of a Finnish elementary school with students who were second graders. This study shows very high success rates in automatically mapping fixations to the lines of text being read when the mapping is deferred. The success rates for immediate mapping are comparable with those obtained in earlier studies, although here the data is collected some 10 min after initial calibration of low-sample (30 Hz) remote eye trackers, rather than a laboratory setting using high-sampling-rate trackers. The results provide a solid basis for dev...Continue Reading

References

Feb 5, 2003·Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers : a Journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc·Anthony J Hornof, Tim Halverson
Feb 17, 2017·Behavior Research Methods·Diederick C NiehorsterRoy S Hessels
Nov 15, 2017·Journal of Eye Movement Research·Oleg ŠpakovRäihä Kari-Jouko

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Citations

Jun 7, 2020·International Journal of Psychophysiology : Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology·Benjamin T Carter, Steven G Luke
Jun 24, 2021·Behavior Research Methods·Jon W CarrDavide Crepaldi

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