Abstract
Seventy-one fetal urine samples were taken from the bladder or renal pelvis of 33 fetuses at 13-36 weeks' gestation with a diagnosis of urinary tract anomaly. Severe isolated hydronephrosis in the absence of an enlarged bladder was the indication for sampling in 12/33 fetuses (26 samples), who were retrospectively classified into three groups: normal, intermediate, and dysplastic, based on the evaluation of postnatal renal function or histology. For all samples, urinary sodium (Na+), calcium (Ca2+), creatinine, beta 2-microglobulin, and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) were measured. Among the 71 fetal urine samples, both beta 2-microglobulin and NAG correlated inversely with gestational age, Na+, and Ca2+, but not with creatinine concentrations. However, the correlation of urinary beta 2-microglobulin with gestational age was dependent on the Na+ and Ca2+ concentrations, whereas urinary NAG correlated significantly with urinary Na+ and Ca2+, and also with gestational age. In fetuses with isolated hydronephrosis, only Na+, and not Ca2+, was significantly related to both beta 2-microglobulin and NAG. Only Na+ and beta 2-microglobulin were significantly, and similarly, higher in both dysplastic and intermediate kidneys when ...Continue Reading
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