In search of an animal model for postmenopausal diseases

Frontiers in Bioscience : a Journal and Virtual Library
E A Thorndike, A S Turner

Abstract

The purpose of this review is to discuss the use of the aged ovariectomized ewe as a cost-effective large animal model to study coronary artery disease (CAD), osteoporosis, osteoarthritis (OA), and oral bone loss--conditions seen after menopause. Earlier studies from our laboratory showed a significant decline in the bone mineral density (BMD) of the iliac crest following ovariectomy in sheep, while subsequent studies demonstrated decreased bone loss (measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)) in the lumbar vertebrae following ovariectomy. We examined the effects of estrogen deficiency and estrogen therapy on the terminal aorta of the aged ovariectomized (OVX) ewes and demonstrated subintimal thickening in the distal aorta of animals that were estrogen deficient when compared to the control groups. A popular model to study OA is the knee joint of sheep following medial or lateral meniscus removal combined with exercise, but there is a need for an estrogen-deficient large animal model of OA to study articular cartilage changes occurring after menopause. We saw an effect of ovariectomy on the biomechanical properties (aggregate modulus and shear modulus) of articular cartilage. Estrogen deficiency had a detrimental effec...Continue Reading

Citations

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