In silico Strategies to Support Fragment-to-Lead Optimization in Drug Discovery.

Frontiers in Chemistry
Lauro Ribeiro de Souza NetoFloriano Paes Silva

Abstract

Fragment-based drug (or lead) discovery (FBDD or FBLD) has developed in the last two decades to become a successful key technology in the pharmaceutical industry for early stage drug discovery and development. The FBDD strategy consists of screening low molecular weight compounds against macromolecular targets (usually proteins) of clinical relevance. These small molecular fragments can bind at one or more sites on the target and act as starting points for the development of lead compounds. In developing the fragments attractive features that can translate into compounds with favorable physical, pharmacokinetics and toxicity (ADMET-absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) properties can be integrated. Structure-enabled fragment screening campaigns use a combination of screening by a range of biophysical techniques, such as differential scanning fluorimetry, surface plasmon resonance, and thermophoresis, followed by structural characterization of fragment binding using NMR or X-ray crystallography. Structural characterization is also used in subsequent analysis for growing fragments of selected screening hits. The latest iteration of the FBDD workflow employs a high-throughput methodology of massively paral...Continue Reading

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Citations

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
nuclear
surface
microscale thermophoresis
X-ray
NMR
x-ray crystallography
in silico methods
thermal
isothermal
Assay

Software Mentioned

SMILES
ChEMBL
XChem
SYLVIA
BREED
+ Op
SwissADME
ADMETlab
Lead
Autogrow

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