In vitro and in vivo effects of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide on glioblastoma

International Journal of Nanomedicine
Sławomir JaworskiAndré Chwalibog

Abstract

Graphene and its related counterparts are considered the future of advanced nanomaterials owing to their exemplary properties. However, information about their toxicity and biocompatibility is limited. The objective of this study is to evaluate the toxicity of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) platelets, using U87 and U118 glioma cell lines for an in vitro model and U87 tumors cultured on chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane for an in vivo model. The in vitro investigation consisted of structural analysis of GO and rGO platelets using transmission electron microscopy, evaluation of cell morphology and ultrastructure, assessment of cell viability by XTT assay, and investigation of cell proliferation by BrdU assay. Toxicity in U87 glioma tumors was evaluated by calculation of weight and volume of tumors and analyses of ultrastructure, histology, and protein expression. The in vitro results indicate that GO and rGO enter glioma cells and have different cytotoxicity. Both types of platelets reduced cell viability and proliferation with increasing doses, but rGO was more toxic than GO. The mass and volume of tumors were reduced in vivo after injection of GO and rGO. Moreover, the level of apoptotic markers incr...Continue Reading

Citations

Dec 17, 2015·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Lin JinZhenling Wang
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Methods Mentioned

BETA
surgical resection
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
ELISA
dissection
electrophoresis
electron microscopy

Software Mentioned

CellD
cellSens Dimension Desktop
SimulSet
Quantity One
Statgraphics Plus
LAS EZ

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