In vitro and in vivo evaluation of anti-leishmanial and immunomodulatory activity of Neem leaf extract in Leishmania donovani infection

Experimental Parasitology
Alti DayakarRadheshyam Maurya

Abstract

The toxicity and emergence of resistance to available chemical drugs against visceral leishmaniasis is evoking to explore herbal treatment. One such attempt with the Neem is being reported here. The current study is primarily focused to evaluate the anti-leishmanial effects of Neem leaf extracts. Among which, ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) alone was found to exhibit leishmanicidal effect validated through cytotoxicity assay and estimated its IC₅₀ to be 52.4 µg/ml on the promastigote stage. Propidium iodide (PI) staining of dead cells substantiated the aforementioned activity. Carboxy fluorescein-diaceate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) staining of promastigotes has affirmed its anti-proliferation activity. The characteristic features such as DNA fragmentation, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, increased sub G0/G1 phase parasites and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in EAF treated promastigotes indicate the apoptosis like death. In addition, the reduced parasite burden both in vitro (viz. ~45% in human monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1) and ~50% in peripheral blood mononuclear cells) and in vivo (spleen and liver) provides the evidence for its anti-leishmanial activity on amastigote stage. The increase of ROS...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 6, 2015·Mediators of Inflammation·Igor A RodriguesAlane B Vermelho
Oct 7, 2017·Parasite Immunology·C M Lezama-Dávila, A P Isaac-Márquez
May 31, 2019·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Arti Shivraj NileShivraj Hariram Nile
Sep 1, 2018·Journal of Parasitic Diseases : Official Organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology·Sangita LahiryMadhumita Manna
Nov 5, 2020·Anais Da Academia Brasileira De Ciências·Katily L G PereiraRicardo Scher

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