PMID: 8608405Oct 1, 1995Paper

In vitro biological effects of clay minerals advised as substitutes for asbestos

Cell Biology and Toxicology
M GovernaG Scansetti

Abstract

We studied one sample of commercial sepiolite and two samples of commercial vermiculite--clay minerals proposed as replacements for asbestos--and tested in vitro their abilities to activate complement, to lyse erythrocytes, and to elicit the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) or bovine alveolar macrophages (AM); their behavior was compared with that of asbestos fibers obtained from the Union International Contra Cancer (UICC) as reference standards, as well as with kaolinite and illite, main members of the clay mineral family. Since in short-term in vitro tests the biological activity of mineral particles seems especially related to the active sites on their surface, we first measured the specific surface area of each mineral. Sepiolite was unreactive in two of the three tests we used (complement activation and ROS production) and able to lyse a minimal percentage of red blood cells. Vermiculite was shown to be incapable of activating complement, to have a moderate hemolytic activity and a high ability to elicite ROS production, although lower than that of chrysotile. Sepiolite, therefore, might be of more interest than vermiculite, given the low level of biological effects...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 1, 1997·Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA·M GovernaC Gemignani
Feb 16, 2016·The Science of the Total Environment·Paolin Rocio Cáceres-VélezRicardo Bentes de Azevedo
May 4, 2010·Mutation Research·Anoop Kumar SharmaMona-Lise Binderup
Mar 4, 2015·Environmental Research·Sara MaisanabaAngeles Jos
Jul 19, 2011·Toxicology·Damiano CarbonariMonica Amati
Nov 10, 2017·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Qunwei DaiFaqin Dong
Apr 24, 2020·Genes and Environment : the Official Journal of the Japanese Environmental Mutagen Society·Masanobu KawanishiTakashi Yagi

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