In vitro cellular and cytokine responses to mycobacterial antigens: application to diagnosis of tuberculosis infection and assessment of response to mycobacterial vaccines

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences
A D Lein, C F Von Reyn

Abstract

Mycobacterial infection leads to the development of specific cell-mediated immune responses that have been measured clinically by assessing delayed-type hypersensitivity with Mantoux skin testing. Several characteristics of Mantoux skin testing for tuberculosis infection can make the procedure inaccurate, inconvenient, and sometimes misleading. It is also a poor predictor of immunity to tuberculosis in bacille Calmette-Gúerin vaccinees, yet decisions to revaccinate often are based on skin test responses after initial immunization. Skin testing with other mycobacterial antigens has similar limitations. In vitro assessment of cellular immunity to mycobacteria offers multiple, potential advantages over skin testing and has become technically feasible in recent years. Measurement of the effector functions that comprise cell-mediated immunity (eg, cytokine secretion and cytotoxicity) rather than cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity responses is more likely to reflect meaningfully specific mycobacterial immunity and, therefore, provide a means for determining mycobacterial immunity after immunization. Eliminating the variability in placement and interpretation inherent in skin testing could provide a more stable foundation for com...Continue Reading

References

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Jul 1, 1996·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·E B KempD F Hoft

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Citations

Mar 10, 2001·Cell Biology International·E G Hoal-van HeldenP D van Helden
May 2, 2002·Clinical and Experimental Immunology·S BrahmbhattH M Dockrell
Feb 16, 2000·Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry·G ThwaitesJ Farrar
Jun 30, 2009·Annals of Thoracic Medicine·Ibrahim O Al-Orainey
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Jun 12, 2014·PloS One·Casey C PerleyRichard Frothingham
Apr 11, 2014·Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy·Luca NorbisDaniela M Cirillo

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