In vitro dermal absorption of two commercial formulations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid dimethylamine (2,4-D amine) in rat, guinea pig and human skin

Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA
R P Moody, B Nadeau

Abstract

In vitro dermal absorption studies with rat, hairless guinea pig and human skin were conducted employing Bronaugh flow-through cells for two commercial formulations of the herbicide, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid dimethyl amine (2,4-D amine) and in vivo studies were conducted with rats. The Clean Crop (CC) and Wilbur-Ellis (WE) 2,4-D amine formulations gave similar absorption values, ranging from 21 to 30% in vitro in all three species, except for absorption from WE in guinea pig skin [16 +/- 4.7% (n = 4)], which was significantly less (Student's t-test; P < 0.05) than absorption from WE formulation for human skin [28 +/- 2.6% (n = 4)]. A profound 'washing-in' effect of the soap wash conducted at 24 hr post-treatment was observed for all three species in vitro, and this effect was much more pronounced than in previous studies with 2,4-D where more dilute topical doses were employed. Dermal absorption of both 2,4-D amine formulations was significantly less for rats tested in vivo (16-17%) than for the skin from the same rats tested in vitro (26-30%). The lower percentage absorption observed in vivo was thought to be due to 'rub-off' of the dose application, as 68-78% of the dose was detected in the foam rubber patches used to p...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

Apr 1, 2014·Environment International·R Duarte-DavidsonR Chilcott
Nov 18, 2008·Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA·Ana M Barbero, H Frederick Frasch
Jul 29, 2006·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·Richard P Moody, Howard I Maibach
Nov 17, 2015·Journal of Applied Toxicology : JAT·Hanjiang ZhuHoward Maibach
Dec 10, 2016·PloS One·Matthew D JeffriesGregory K Breeden
Apr 4, 2021·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Samuel CollinsRichard Amlôt

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