In vitro effects of preservatives in nasal sprays on human nasal epithelial cells

American Journal of Rhinology
Ching-Yin HoAn-Hang Yang

Abstract

The preservatives benzalkonium chloride and potassium sorbate are widely used in nasal drops and sprays. Recently, side effects resulting from mucosal damage caused by benzalkonium chloride and potassium sorbate were reported. We investigated the toxicity of benzalkonium chloride and potassium sorbate on human nasal epithelial cells in vitro. Using primary human nasal epithelial cells, different concentrations of benzalkonium chloride, potassium sorbate, or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; control group) solutions were cocultured with nasal epithelial cells for 15 minutes. Then, the viability of the cells and the cell morphology were assessed. Nasal epithelial cells were more severely damaged with use of clinical preparations or higher concentrations of benzalkonium chloride than in the control group. In addition, nasal epithelial cell membrane lysis was seen on electronic microscopy in the benzalkonium chloride groups. In contrast, there was no significant cell damage seen in the potassium sorbate groups compared with the control group, even with higher concentrations than clinically used. Potassium sorbate appears to be a relatively safer preservative than benzalkonium chloride for use in nasal sprays and drops in vitro study.

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Citations

Feb 26, 2016·Future Medicinal Chemistry·Wooseong KimEleftherios Mylonakis
Dec 21, 2013·AAPS PharmSciTech·Stephen W SteinPaul B Myrdal
Jan 24, 2009·European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences : Official Journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences·Fabrizio BortolottiColombo Gaia
Jul 7, 2017·Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery·Neil F Johnson
Apr 18, 2012·ORL; Journal for Oto-rhino-laryngology and Its Related Specialties·Chengshuo WangLuo Zhang
Dec 17, 2014·American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy·Alan D Workman, Noam A Cohen
Dec 24, 2017·American Journal of Health-system Pharmacy : AJHP : Official Journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists·Venkata K Yellepeddi
Jul 11, 2020·PloS One·Venkata YellepeddiMarco Battaglia
Dec 7, 2017·Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part B, Critical Reviews·Seul Min ChoiByung-Mu Lee
May 26, 2017·International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology·Alan D WorkmanNoam A Cohen
Aug 31, 2021·International Journal of Pharmaceutics·Marwa M R R AyoubAlison B Lansley

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
electron microscopy
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
transmission electron microscopy

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