In vitro metabolism of the brominated flame retardants 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (TBB) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) 2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate (TBPH) in human and rat tissues.

Chemical Research in Toxicology
Simon C RobertsHeather M Stapleton

Abstract

Due to the phaseout of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants, new chemicals, such as 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (TBB) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) 2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate (TBPH), have been used as replacements in some commercial flame retardant mixtures. Both chemicals have been detected in indoor dust at concentrations approaching the concentrations of PBDEs; however, little is known about their fate, metabolism, or toxicity. The goal of this study was to investigate the potential metabolism of these two brominated flame retardants in human and rat tissues by conducting in vitro experiments with liver and intestinal subcellular fractions. In all the experiments, TBB was consistently metabolized to 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoic acid (TBBA) via cleavage of the 2-ethylhexyl chain without requiring any added cofactors. TBBA was also formed in purified porcine carboxylesterase but at a much faster rate of 6.29 ± 0.58 nmol min(-1) mg protein(-1). The estimated K(m) and V(max) values for TBB metabolism in human microsomes were 11.1 ± 3.9 μM and 0.644 ± 0.144 nmol min(-1) mg protein(-1), respectively. A similar K(m) of 9.3 ± 2.2 μM was calculated for porcine carboxylesterase, indicating similar enzyme specificity...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 5, 2012·Environmental Health Perspectives·Valerie J Brown
Oct 13, 2014·Current Opinion in Pharmacology·Laura V DishawHeather M Stapleton
Feb 13, 2016·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Craig M ButtHeather M Stapleton
Oct 14, 2014·Environment International·Mohamed Abou-Elwafa AbdallahStuart Harrad
Mar 2, 2016·Environmental Science & Technology·Liang-Ying LiuAmina Salamova
Aug 25, 2015·Environmental Science & Technology·Mohamed Abou-Elwafa AbdallahStuart Harrad
Nov 10, 2012·Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology·Heather B PatisaulHeather M Stapleton
Apr 6, 2016·Environmental Research·Manori J SilvaXiaoyun Ye
Aug 11, 2016·Toxicology Letters·Darja Gramec SkledarLucija Peterlin Mašič
Jan 24, 2017·The Science of the Total Environment·Jiehong GuoRonald A Hites
Apr 18, 2014·Environmental Science & Technology·Mohamed Abou-Elwafa Abdallah, Adrian Covaci
Feb 4, 2014·Environmental Science & Technology·Mohamed Abou-Elwafa AbdallahStuart Harrad
May 16, 2014·Environmental Health Perspectives·Kate HoffmanHeather M Stapleton
Jul 26, 2014·Environmental Health Perspectives·Hari K PillaiJennifer J Schlezinger
May 16, 2014·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Andreia AlvesStefan Voorspoels
Jul 3, 2016·Toxicological Sciences : an Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology·Allison L PhillipsHeather M Stapleton
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Sep 19, 2018·Environmental Science & Technology·Hillary MarlerDa Chen
Aug 27, 2021·Archives of Toxicology·Enzo Zini Moreira SilvaDaniela Morais Leme

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