In vitro nephrotoxicity induced by propanil.

Environmental Toxicology
G O RankinJohn B Barnett

Abstract

Propanil is a postemergence herbicide used primarily in rice and wheat production in the United States. The reported toxicities for propanil exposure include methemoglobinemia, immunotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity. A major metabolite of propanil, 3,4-dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA), has been shown to be a nephrotoxicant in vivo and in vitro, but the nephrotoxic potential of propanil has not been examined in detail. The purpose of this study was to determine the nephrotoxic potential of propanil using an in vitro kidney model, determine whether in vitro propanil nephrotoxicity is due to metabolites arising from propanil hydrolysis, and examine mechanistic aspects of propanil nephrotoxicity in vitro. Propanil, 3,4-DCA, propionic acid (0.1-5.0 mM), or vehicle was incubated for 15-120 min with isolated renal cortical cells (IRCC; approximately 4 million cells/mL) obtained from untreated male Fischer 344 rats. Cytotoxicity was determined by measuring lactate dehydrogenase release from IRCC. In 120-min incubations, propanil induced cytotoxicity at concentrations >0.5 mM. At 1.0 mM, propanil induced cytotoxicity following 60- or 120-min exposure. Cytotoxicity was observed with 3,4-DCA (2.0 mM) at 60 and 120 min, while propionic acid (5.0 mM) ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 25, 2000·Toxicology·C Lerche-Langrand, H J Toutain
Oct 16, 2012·Toxicological Sciences : an Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology·Tricia L LewisJohn B Barnett
Aug 29, 2013·BMC Nephrology·Nihal JayatilakeUNKNOWN CKDu National Research Project Team
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Feb 8, 2014·Molecular Pharmaceutics·Ho Yee TiongDaniele Zink

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