In vitro or not in vitro: a short journey through a long history

Environmental Sciences Europe
Kristina RehbergerHelmut Segner

Abstract

The aim of ecotoxicology is to study toxic effects on constituents of ecosystems, with the protection goal being populations and communities rather than individual organisms. In this ecosystem perspective, the use of in vitro methodologies measuring cellular and subcellular endpoints at a first glance appears to be odd. Nevertheless, more recently in vitro approaches gained momentum in ecotoxicology. In this article, we will discuss important application domains of in vitro methods in ecotoxicology. One area is the use of in vitro assays to replace, reduce, and refine (3R) in vivo tests. Research in this field has focused mainly on the use of in vitro cytotoxicity assays with fish cells as non-animal alternative to the in vivo lethality test with fish and on in vitro biotransformation assays as part of an alternative testing strategy for bioaccumulation testing with fish. Lessons learned from this research include the importance of a critical evaluation of the sensitivity, specificity and exposure conditions of in vitro assays, as well as the availability of appropriate in vitro-in vivo extrapolation models. In addition to this classical 3R application, other application domains of in vitro assays in ecotoxicology include the s...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 29, 2020·Journal of Pesticide Science·Toshiyuki Katagi
Mar 20, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·Amalia RosnerSébastien Cambier
Aug 8, 2020·The Science of the Total Environment·Jakub MaculewiczJoanna Dołżonek
May 8, 2021·Frontiers in Genetics·Nathalia de Assis Aguilar DuarteGustavo Rafael Mazzaron Barcelos
Jun 1, 2021·Chemico-biological Interactions·Sharmistha ChoudhuriShailendra Asthana
Jul 31, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·Lara M SchuijtPaul J Van den Brink
Mar 14, 2020·Chemical Research in Toxicology·Jakub Kostal, Adelina Voutchkova-Kostal
Dec 31, 2021·Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry·Dave T F Kuo, Dominic M Di Toro
Jan 9, 2022·Ecotoxicology·Vira KhomaOksana Stoliar

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
in silico methods
in vitro methods

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