In Vitro Priming and Hyper-Activation of Brain Microglia: an Assessment of Phenotypes

Molecular Neurobiology
Kyle KossKathryn G Todd

Abstract

Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system that mediate the life and death of nervous tissue. During normal function, they exhibit a surveying phenotype and maintain vital functions in nervous tissue. In the event of injury or disease, chronic inflammation can result, wherein microglia develop a hyper-activated phenotype, shed their regenerative function, actively kill contiguous cells, and can partition injured tissue by initiating scar formation. With recoverable injury, microglia can develop a primed phenotype, where they appear to recover from an inflammatory event, but are limited in their support functions and show inappropriate responses to future injury often associated with neurodegenerative disorders. These microglial phenotypes were acutely recreated in vitro with potent pro- and anti-inflammatory treatments. Primary cultured microglia or mixed glia (microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes) were treated for 6 h with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Recovery from an inflammatory state was modeled with 18-h treatment of the anti-inflammatory steroid dexamethasone. The cells were then treated for 24 h with interferon gamma (IFNγ) to detect inflammatory memory after recovery. Surveying was best re...Continue Reading

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Jul 19, 2019·Journal of Neurochemistry·Melina Paula BordoneConstanze I Seidenbecher
Dec 22, 2020·Frontiers in Neuroscience·Kathryn Sánchez, Kathleen Maguire-Zeiss
Feb 1, 2020·The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry·Julia A S GomesDaniele C Aguiar
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Sep 3, 2021·Neural Regeneration Research·Jessica CornellMiou Zhou
Dec 11, 2021·Frontiers in Neuroscience·Glaucia M AlmeidaAdriano Sebollela

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
ELISA
confocal microscopy

Software Mentioned

ImageJ

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