In vitro stress response induced by sulfur mustard in lung fibroblasts NHLF and human pulmonary epithelial cells A-549.

Archives of Toxicology
Petr JostJaroslav Pejchal

Abstract

Sulfur mustard [bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide; SM] is a highly poisonous chemical warfare agent. The mechanism of its cytotoxicity affects several pathways, which cause cell damage or death. The main organ affected in case of exposure to both aerosol and vapor is lungs. The present study focuses on time- and concentration-dependent changes in human lung fibroblasts NHLF and lung epithelial cell line A-549. The cells were treated with SM at the concentrations of 5, 10 and 100 µM and signs of stress response were evaluated during 1-72 h post-treatment. Parameters for testing included cell viability and morphology, loss of transmembrane mitochondrial potential, apoptosis, oxidative stress, changes in the cell cycle, and ATM kinase activation. The cytotoxic effect of SM resulted in a time-dependent decrease in viability of A-459 associated with apoptosis more markedly than in NHLF. We did not observe any generation of reactive oxygen species by SM. SM at concentrations of 5 and 10 µM induced the S-phase cell cycle arrest at both cell lines. On the other hand, 100 µM caused nonspecific cell cycle arrest. ATM kinase was activated transiently. The results indicate that NHLF cells are less prone to toxic damage by SM in case of cell viabi...Continue Reading

References

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
flow cytometry

Software Mentioned

Muse Cell Analyser
GraphPad Prism
GraphPad

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Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a specific process that leads to programmed cell death through the activation of an evolutionary conserved intracellular pathway leading to pathognomic cellular changes distinct from cellular necrosis