In vitro synergy of eugenol and methyleugenol with fluconazole against clinical Candida isolates

Journal of Medical Microbiology
Aijaz AhmadNikhat Manzoor

Abstract

The species Candida is a group of opportunistic pathogenic commensals in immune-compromised patients. Treatment of Candida infections is becoming increasingly difficult due to antifungal drug resistance, especially with fluconazole (FLC), which is a commonly used azole. In the present study the in vitro antifungal activity of eugenol (EUG) and methyleugenol (MEUG) alone and in combination against 64 FLC-sensitive and 34 FLC-resistant clinical Candida isolates is highlighted. All the strains were susceptible to both the naturally occurring phenyl propanoids. The nature of the interaction was studied from fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICIs) for both EUG plus FLC, and MEUG plus FLC combinations calculated from chequerboard microdilution assays. FICI values depicted a high synergism of FLC with both compounds, which was greatest with MEUG. FLC-resistant Candida isolates showed high sensitivity to both compounds. No antagonistic activity was seen in the strains tested in the present study. From these results we suggest that EUG and MEUG have great potential as antifungals, and that FLC can be supplemented with EUG and MEUG to treat FLC-resistant Candida infections.

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Citations

Jan 8, 2013·The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy·Elena C CalabreseAmalia Porta
Nov 29, 2011·BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine·Cristina Marcos-AriasGuillermo Quindós
Jul 25, 2014·PloS One·Wei LiuYuan Ying Jiang
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Nov 1, 2012·European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences : Official Journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences·Aijaz AhmadNikhat Manzoor
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Jun 10, 2015·Phytomedicine : International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology·Aijaz Ahmad, Alvaro Viljoen
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