In Vivo Brain MR Imaging at Subnanoliter Resolution: Contrast and Histology

Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences : MRMS : an Official Journal of Japan Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Takashi WatanabeThomas Michaelis

Abstract

This article provides an overview of in vivo magnetic resonance (MR) imaging contrasts obtained for mammalian brain in relation to histological knowledge. Emphasis is paid to the (1) significance of high spatial resolution for the optimization of T1, T2, and magnetization transfer contrast, (2) use of exogenous extra- and intracellular contrast agents for validating endogenous contrast sources, and (3) histological structures and biochemical compounds underlying these contrasts and (4) their relevance to neuroradiology. Comparisons between MR imaging at subnanoliter resolution and histological data indicate that (a) myelin sheaths, (b) nerve cells, and (c) the neuropil are most responsible for observed MR imaging contrasts, while (a) diamagnetic macromolecules, (b) intracellular paramagnetic ions, and (c) extracellular free water, respectively, emerge as the dominant factors. Enhanced relaxation rates due to paramagnetic ions, such as iron and manganese, have been observed for oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, and blood cells in the brain as well as for nerve cells. Taken together, a plethora of observations suggests that the delineation of specific structures in high-resolution MR imaging of mammalian brain and the abse...Continue Reading

References

Mar 25, 1977·Science·A Martinez-HernandezM D Norenberg
Apr 1, 1975·Biophysical Journal·R E GunterP R Russell
Sep 1, 1991·Magnetic Resonance in Medicine : Official Journal of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine·X M WanR E London
Mar 1, 1991·Magnetic Resonance in Medicine : Official Journal of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine·T A FralixR S Balaban
Jun 1, 1990·Magnetic Resonance in Medicine : Official Journal of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine·S H KoenigN Lundbom
Mar 1, 1989·Magnetic Resonance in Medicine : Official Journal of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine·H W FischerR N Muller
Jun 1, 1988·AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology·S W AtlasR A Zimmerman
Jul 1, 1987·Physiological Reviews·J R Prohaska
Feb 1, 1988·Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry·C W Adams
Jul 1, 1986·AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology·B DrayerG A Johnson
May 1, 1971·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·J M McCordI Fridovich
Dec 1, 1980·Journal of Neuroscience Methods·G PaxinosP C Emson
Jan 1, 1984·Current Topics in Cellular Regulation·F C Wedler, R B Denman
Dec 1, 1983·Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology·H SuzukiT Ono
Mar 1, 1994·Journal of Magnetic Resonance. Series B·J S SchoenigerS J Blackband
Jun 1, 1994·Radiology·J M BoorsteinJ C McGowan
Mar 1, 1994·Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc·R I GrossmanM D Schnall
Jul 1, 1996·Magnetic Resonance in Medicine : Official Journal of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine·J VymazalR A Brooks
Jan 1, 1997·Magnetic Resonance in Medicine : Official Journal of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine·K P WhittallD W Paty
May 7, 1999·Magnetic Resonance Imaging·M J FirbankE D Williams
Jan 9, 2001·Magnetic Resonance in Medicine : Official Journal of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine·N GelmanE G Solomon
Apr 26, 2001·NMR in Biomedicine·R M HenkelmanS J Graham
Jun 8, 2001·Movement Disorders : Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society·S OharaT Hashimoto
Oct 25, 2001·Magnetic Resonance in Medicine : Official Journal of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine·J G Sled, G B Pike

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Astrocytes

Astrocytes are glial cells that support the blood-brain barrier, facilitate neurotransmission, provide nutrients to neurons, and help repair damaged nervous tissues. Here is the latest research.