In vivo transgenic bioassays and assessment of the carcinogenic potential of pharmaceuticals

Environmental Health Perspectives
Joseph F Contrera, Joseph J DeGeorge

Abstract

There is general agreement in the scientific community on the need to improve carcinogenicity testing and the assessment of human carcinogenic risk and to incorporate more information on mechanisms and modes of action into the risk assessment process. Advances in molecular biology have identified a growing number of genes such as protooncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes that are highly conserved across species and are associated with a wide variety of human and animal cancers. In vivo transgenic rodent models incorporating such mechanisms are used to identify mechanisms involved in tumor formation and as selective tests for carcinogens. Transgenic methods can be considered an extension of genetic manipulation by selective breeding, which long has been employed in science and agriculture. The use of two rodent species in carcinogenicity testing is especially important for identifying transspecies carcinogens. The capacity of a substance to induce neoplasia across species suggests that the mechanism(s) involved in the induction of the neoplasia are conserved and therefore may have significance for humans. Based on available information there is sufficient experience with some in vivo transgenic rodent carcinogenicity models to s...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 3, 2011·Pharmacognosy Research·Ambrose Furey
Aug 30, 2013·Critical Reviews in Toxicology·David A EastmondBabasaheb Sonawane
Dec 7, 2011·Critical Reviews in Toxicology·Tatyana Y DoktorovaVera Rogiers
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Mar 14, 2002·Toxicologic Pathology·Daniel MortonToshimi Usui
Jun 15, 1999·Toxicologic Pathology·D G Rudmann, S K Durham
May 7, 2020·International Journal of Toxicology·Matthew S BogdanffyDiann Blanset

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