Inactivation of glutathione reductase by 4-hydroxynonenal and other endogenous aldehydes.

Biochemical Pharmacology
D L Vander JagtR E Royer

Abstract

4-Hydroxynonenal, a product of oxidative degradation of unsaturated lipids, is an endogenous reactive alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde with numerous biological activities. 4-Hydroxynonenal rapidly inactivated glutathione reductase in an NADPH-dependent reaction. Inactivation appears to involve the initial formation of an enzyme-inactivator complex, K(D) = 0.5 microM, followed by the inactivation reaction, k = 1.3 x 10(-2) min(-1). alpha,beta-Unsaturated aldehydes such as acrolein, crotonaldehyde, and cinnamaldehyde also inactivated glutathione reductase, although rates varied widely. Inactivation of glutathione reductase by alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes was followed by slower NADPH-independent reactions that led to formation of nonfluorescent cross-linked products, accompanied by loss of lysine and histidine residues. Other reactive endogenous aldehydes such as methylglyoxal, 3-deoxyglucosone, and xylosone inactivated glutathione reductase by an NADPH-independent mechanism, with methylglyoxal being the most reactive. However, 2-oxoaldehydes were much less effective than 4-hydroxynonenal. Inactivation of glutathione reductase by these 2-oxoaldehydes was followed by slower reactions that led to the formation of fluorescent cros...Continue Reading

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