PMID: 8970905Dec 1, 1996Paper

Inconsistency of mothers' feedback and toddlers' misbehavior and negative affect

Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
M M Acker, S G O'Leary

Abstract

The general hypothesis that mothers' inconsistent discipline can cause children to misbehave was examined. Mothers, who were otherwise engaged in a telephone conversation, were instructed to respond to toddlers' inappropriate demands for attention with either consistent reprimands or with one of a variety of inconsistent strategies. Reprimanding half of the child's demands and providing positive attention to the rest of the demands resulted in high rates of both demands for mothers' attention and children's negative affect. Reprimanding half the children's demands and ignoring the other demands did not have deleterious effects nor did reprimanding and attending to the same demand half of the time and ignoring the other demands. Thus, clear, positive feedback for inappropriate demands is a type of inconsistent discipline that can cause normal toddlers to become "terrible twos."

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Citations

Feb 24, 2006·Journal of Abnormal Psychology·Candice Murray, Charlotte Johnston
Nov 17, 2005·Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology·Michael F Lorber, Susan G O'leary
Dec 16, 2004·Journal of Family Psychology : JFP : Journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43)·Amy H MezulisRoseanne Clark
Jul 31, 2007·Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology : the Official Journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53·Mandy Chen, Charlotte Johnston
Feb 26, 2010·Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology : the Official Journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53·Carey Bernini DowlingSusan G O'Leary
Apr 7, 2006·Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology : the Official Journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53·Tamara Del Vecchio, Susan G O'Leary
Feb 13, 2004·Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines·Alice S CarterNaomi Ornstein Davis
Mar 1, 2008·Infant Mental Health Journal·Nicole TaylorLewis Leavitt

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