Increased 2-hydroxylation of estradiol as a possible mechanism for the anti-estrogenic effect of cigarette smoking

The New England Journal of Medicine
J J MichnoviczJ Fishman

Abstract

Epidemiologic data indicate that cigarette smoking is associated with an important anti-estrogenic effect, and increased hepatic metabolism has been suggested as a possible mechanism. We examined the hypothesis that cigarette smoking in women induces an increase in estradiol 2-hydroxylation. This irreversible metabolic pathway yields 2-hydroxyestrogens, which possess minimal peripheral estrogenic activity and are cleared rapidly from the circulation. We found a significant increase in estradiol 2-hydroxylation in premenopausal women who smoked at least 15 cigarettes per day. The extent of the reaction (mean +/- SEM) was 53.6 +/- 2.2 percent among 14 smokers and 35.1 +/- 1.8 percent among 13 nonsmoking controls--an increase of approximately 50 percent (P less than 0.001). The extent of 2-hydroxylation among five smokers did not vary during the follicular and luteal phases of their menstrual cycles. In addition, urinary excretion of estriol relative to estrone was significantly decreased among smokers (P less than 0.01), providing evidence that the smoking-induced increase in 2-hydroxylation diminishes the competing metabolic pathway involving 16 alpha-hydroxylation. This study demonstrates that smoking exerts a powerful inducing...Continue Reading

References

Nov 1, 1977·Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics·J Fishman, H L Bradlow
May 1, 1976·Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics·S N HuntA M Yurchak
Jun 1, 1986·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·R L BarbieriK J Ryan
Apr 1, 1986·American Journal of Epidemiology·L A BrintonR N Hoover
Apr 1, 1985·American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology·C W TylerG L Rubin
Apr 1, 1985·American Journal of Epidemiology·M T SchechterG R Howe
Sep 5, 1985·The New England Journal of Medicine·S M LeskoJ Lewis
Apr 1, 1972·Acta Endocrinologica·T Laatikainen, O Karjalainen
Jul 1, 1972·Journal of Chronic Diseases·A KeysH L Taylor
Nov 20, 1973·Biochemistry·J J LangoneH Van Vunakis
Mar 31, 1970·Biochemistry·J FishmanL Hellman
Jul 1, 1983·Journal of Steroid Biochemistry·G R MerriamM B Lipsett
Jan 1, 1984·American Journal of Epidemiology·J A Baron
Aug 1, 1984·Journal of the National Cancer Institute·E M SmithT L Burns
Jan 12, 1984·The New England Journal of Medicine·L RosenbergS Shapiro
Feb 1, 1984·American Journal of Epidemiology·L RosenbergS Shapiro
Jul 1, 1984·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·K E AndersonJ Fishman
May 1, 1983·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·J SchneiderJ Fishman
Aug 1, 1980·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·J FishmanA Kappas
Jan 1, 1982·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·S KonoM B Lipsett
Aug 1, 1982·American Journal of Epidemiology·J L KelseyC White
Oct 21, 1982·The New England Journal of Medicine·B MacMahonJ Brown
Sep 1, 1980·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·J Fishman, C Martucci
Jul 1, 1981·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·R G LahitaJ Fishman
Feb 1, 1963·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·J FISHMAN
Mar 1, 1965·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·J FISHMANT F GALLAGHER

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Dec 3, 2008·Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine·Lorah D DornSusannah Grimes
Feb 1, 1990·Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research·P B GleesonH J Evans
Dec 1, 1993·Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research·L V Avioli
Apr 1, 1992·Calcified Tissue International·M DanielD T Drinkwater
Jan 1, 1993·Osteoporosis International : a Journal Established As Result of Cooperation Between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA·B Dawson-HughesS Harris
Jan 1, 1996·Osteoporosis International : a Journal Established As Result of Cooperation Between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA·D P KielD T Felson
Jan 1, 1996·Breast Cancer Research and Treatment·R W HaileA Paganini-Hill
Jul 1, 1988·Breast Cancer Research and Treatment·N L PetrakisB Chang-Lee
Jun 1, 1988·Advances in Contraception : the Official Journal of the Society for the Advancement of Contraception·M BlumI Blum
Jan 1, 1995·Diseases of the Colon and Rectum·R J CoatesC P Hunter
Mar 1, 1995·Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics·A ReddyS Mathur
Jan 20, 2000·Biulleten' eksperimental'noĭ biologii i meditsiny·L M BershteĭnH Aldercreutz
Jul 1, 1995·European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics·W SchubertT Hedner
Feb 22, 2012·Osteoporosis International : a Journal Established As Result of Cooperation Between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA·V YoonK Sakhaee
Aug 15, 2012·Osteoporosis International : a Journal Established As Result of Cooperation Between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA·J-P MyongJ-W Koo
Nov 25, 2005·Calcified Tissue International·M P AkhterC G Gairola
Apr 5, 2007·Calcified Tissue International·N NapoliR Armamento-Villareal
Jul 30, 2011·Calcified Tissue International·P SzulcR Chapurlat
Oct 26, 2006·Breast Cancer Research and Treatment·Pia SillanpääAri Hirvonen
Jul 7, 2009·Cancer Causes & Control : CCC·Lesley M ButlerMimi C Yu
Jan 13, 1994·Biochemical Pharmacology·D W Nebert
Feb 1, 1994·European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology·S H RavnE Bostofte
Jul 1, 1988·Steroids·J J MichnoviczJ Fishman
Jan 1, 1989·Pharmacology & Therapeutics·M L OrmeS Ball
Feb 1, 1993·Pharmacology & Therapeutics·C P Martucci, J Fishman
Oct 1, 1994·Pharmacology & Therapeutics·J A Gevers Leuven
Jan 1, 1995·Pharmacology & Therapeutics·B K ParkN R Kitteringham
Jul 1, 1994·Addictive Behaviors·C S PomerleauO F Pomerleau
May 1, 1994·Experimental Gerontology·L V Avioli
Nov 1, 1995·Reproductive Toxicology·T MagersT Hoodbhoy
Oct 1, 1991·The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology·T J KeyR D Bulbrook
Sep 29, 2000·The American Journal of Cardiology·S S GirdlerK C Light

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Cancer Metabolism

In order for cancer cells to maintain rapid, uncontrolled cell proliferation, they must acquire a source of energy. Cancer cells acquire metabolic energy from their surrounding environment and utilize the host cell nutrients to do so. Here is the latest research on cancer metabolism.