PMID: 7539957Jun 15, 1995Paper

Increased anti-Gal activity in diabetic patients transplanted with fetal porcine islet cell clusters

Transplantation
U GaliliC G Groth

Abstract

The natural anti-Gal antibody seems to create a major obstacle for discordant xenotransplantation in humans. Anti-Gal, which is produced in large amounts in humans (1% of circulating IgG), interacts specifically with the carbohydrate structure Gal alpha 1-3Gal beta 1-4Glc-NAc-R (termed the alpha-galactosyl epitope). This epitope is present in large amounts on porcine cells, as well as on cells of other nonprimate mammals (1 x 10(6) to 35 x 10(6) epitopes/cell). The interaction of anti-Gal with alpha-galactosyl epitopes on the xenograft was found to mediate the immune destruction of discordant xenografts. In the present study, the human immune response to alpha-galactosyl epitopes on xenografts was assessed by measuring changes in anti-Gal titers and affinity in sera of diabetic patients transplanted with fetal porcine islet cell clusters. The activity of this antibody was assessed by a hemagglutination assay with RBC, by ELISA with mouse laminin as a solid-phase antigen, and by equilibrium dialysis with the radiolabeled free haptenic form of the alpha-galactosyl epitope, i.e. [3H]Gal alpha 1-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc. All assays revealed a marked increase in anti-Gal activity after transplantation. The increase in anti-Gal titers ran...Continue Reading

Citations

Mar 27, 2001·Transplantation Proceedings·U Galili
Mar 27, 2001·Transplantation Proceedings·M TanemuraU Galili
Mar 20, 1999·Transplantation Proceedings·U Galili
Aug 23, 2003·Lancet·David K C Cooper
Feb 15, 2000·The British Journal of Surgery·B SoinP J Friend
Jan 29, 2000·Kidney International·S MaruyamaG Andres
Aug 28, 2001·Journal of Hematotherapy & Stem Cell Research·U GaliliH Preisler
Feb 24, 2001·Transplantation·W ParkerJ L Platt
Jul 20, 2002·Transplantation·Masahiro TanemuraUri Galili
Dec 16, 1998·Xenotransplantation·D K Cooper
Dec 16, 1998·Xenotransplantation·C RichardJ F Bouhours
May 23, 1998·Annual Review of Immunology·H Auchincloss, D H Sachs
Jul 5, 2005·Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs·L E Diamond
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Oct 16, 2014·Tissue Engineering. Part B, Reviews·Uri Galili
Dec 14, 1999·The British Journal of Surgery·S A White, M L Nicholson

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