INCREASED BLINKING MAY BE A PRECURSOR OF BLEPHAROSPASM: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY

Movement Disorders Clinical Practice
A ConteA Berardelli

Abstract

The aim of this five-year longitudinal study was to investigate whether patients with increased blinking develop orbicularis oculi muscle spasms. Eleven patients who initially manifested increased blinking alone were clinically and neurophysiologically re-evaluated five years later. By the five-year follow-up assessment, nine of the 11 patients had developed orbicularis oculi muscle spasms. The blink reflex recovery cycle became abnormal whereas somatosensory temporal discrimination, already abnormal at the first evaluation, did not significantly change. Our longitudinal study demonstrates that increased blinking may precede blepharospasm and that an abnormal blink reflex recovery cycle reflects the development of orbicularis oculi muscle spasms.

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Citations

Dec 14, 2017·Frontiers in Neurology·Antonella ConteMichael Hutchinson
Nov 8, 2018·Movement Disorders : Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society·Antonella ConteAlfredo Berardelli
Feb 1, 2019·Nature Reviews. Neurology·Antonella ConteAlfredo Berardelli
Feb 21, 2019·Journal of Neurology·Gina FerrazzanoGiovanni Fabbrini
Oct 9, 2019·Movement Disorders : Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society·Antonella ConteAlfredo Berardelli
Oct 25, 2017·Neural Plasticity·Antonella ConteAlfredo Berardelli
Aug 7, 2018·Frontiers in Neurology·Laura AvanzinoAntonella Conte
Nov 21, 2019·Neurological Sciences : Official Journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology·Xiao-Bo FangWei-Xi Zhang
Aug 27, 2019·Current Opinion in Ophthalmology·Grace F Crotty, Bart K Chwalisz
May 18, 2018·Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine·Jun TianMark S LeDoux
Mar 28, 2020·Neurological Sciences : Official Journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology·Marcello Mario MasciaGiovanni Defazio
Sep 24, 2021·Brain and Behavior·Jeongkyeong Jang, Helen Lew

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