PMID: 7023924Jan 1, 1981Paper

Increased cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of diesel fuel after reaction with NO2

Environmental Mutagenesis
T R HendersonC R Clark

Abstract

Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) of diesel fuel aromatics detected polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons from naphthalenes to phenanthrenes, but no four- or five-ring aromatics. This aromatic fraction treated with NO2 was found to contain nitro-aromatics, but only the naphthalene and biphenyl nitro-aromatics were detectable by direct GC/MS. By reduction of the nitro groups to amines, diazotization and reduction to yield aryl-iodides, it was possible to demonstrate that nitro-derivatives of most of the starting aromatics were present after NO2-treatment. Diesel fuel was separated into aliphatic and aromatic fractions by extraction with diethyl sulfoxide. These fractions were devoid of mutagenic activity in the Ames bioassay and exhibited low cytotoxicity to CHO cells in culture. However, after reaction with NO2, the products contained frameshift mutagens which did not require activation by S-9 microsomal enzymes. The biological activity of the NO2-treated aromatic fraction from fuel was more than 40 times greater in Salmonella TA100 than fuel aliphatics treated with NO2. The LC50 to CHO cells in culture increased more than fivefold for aromatics and more than tenfold for aliphatics. Similar to the diesel exhaust particul...Continue Reading

Citations

Aug 1, 1983·The Science of the Total Environment·A Léonard, E D Léonard
Apr 1, 1989·Toxicology Letters·G Vogl, E F Elstner
Apr 1, 1983·Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health·R L HansonD F Hunt
Jul 9, 2009·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·Michael A GbadegesinOlabode O Osifeso
Oct 1, 1982·Journal of Applied Toxicology : JAT·T R HendersonD F Hunt
Oct 1, 1985·Journal of Applied Toxicology : JAT·W E BechtoldT R Henderson
Jan 1, 1990·Free Radical Research Communications·S C Hippeli, E F Elstner
Jan 1, 1986·Critical Reviews in Toxicology·H Tokiwa, Y Ohnishi

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.