Increased expression of X-linked genes in mammals is associated with a higher stability of transcripts and an increased ribosome density

Genome Biology and Evolution
Marie-Line Faucillion, Jan Larsson

Abstract

Mammalian sex chromosomes evolved from the degeneration of one homolog of a pair of ancestral autosomes, the proto-Y. This resulted in a gene dose imbalance that is believed to be restored (partially or fully) through upregulation of gene expression from the single active X-chromosome in both sexes by a dosage compensatory mechanism. We analyzed multiple genome-wide RNA stability data sets and found significantly longer average half-lives for X-chromosome transcripts than for autosomal transcripts in various human cell lines, both male and female, and in mice. Analysis of ribosome profiling data shows that ribosome density is higher on X-chromosome transcripts than on autosomal transcripts in both humans and mice, suggesting that the higher stability is causally linked to a higher translation rate. Our results and observations are in accordance with a dosage compensatory upregulation of expressed X-linked genes. We therefore propose that differential mRNA stability and translation rates of the autosomes and sex chromosomes contribute to an evolutionarily conserved dosage compensation mechanism in mammals.

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Citations

Jul 17, 2015·International Journal of Molecular Medicine·Julian Banerji
Oct 22, 2015·Molecular Biology and Evolution·Zhenguo Zhang, Daven C Presgraves
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Apr 20, 2021·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Aline MuyleJames M A Turner

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
GSM546988

Methods Mentioned

BETA
RNA-seq
TAIL-seq
BRIC-seq
ribo-seq
transfection
PCA

Software Mentioned

SIMCA
TargetScan
R scripts
Statsoft Statistica
Gene Ontology David
SIMCA Excel
ENSEMBL
Bioconductor
custom R scripts
custom

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