PMID: 8954750Dec 1, 1996Paper

Increased neurotoxicity following concurrent exposure to pyridostigmine bromide, DEET, and chlorpyrifos

Fundamental and Applied Toxicology : Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology
Mohamed B Abou-DoniaT L Kurt

Abstract

The operating environment of the service personnel during the Persian Gulf War involved psychological, biological, and chemical elements including exposure to pesticides such as the insect repellent DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) and the insecticide chlorpyrifos (O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloropyridinyl phosphorothioate) and to pyridostigmine bromide (PB,3-dimethylaminocarbonyloxy-N-methylpyridinium bromide) that was administered as a prophylactic agent against possible nerve gas attack. The present study was designed to determine the toxicity produced by individual or coexposure of hens 5 days/week for 2 months to 5 mg PB/kg/day in water, by gavage; 500 mg DEET/kg/day, neat, sc; and 10 mg chlorpyrifos kg/day in corn oil, sc. Coexposure to various binary treatments produced greater neurotoxicity than that caused by individual exposures and was characterized by severe neurologic deficit and neuropathological alterations. Also, neurotoxicity was further enhanced following concurrent administration of the three chemicals. Severe inhibition of plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity was produced in hens treated with PB (activity 17% of control) compared to those treated with chlorpyrifos (activity 51% of control) or DEET (activ...Continue Reading

Citations

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